阴阳与元气:汉代谶纬诗学阐释的理论核心

Yin-Yang and Vitality: Core Theory of Interpretation of Divination of Confucian Poetics of Han Dynasty

西汉元、成帝时期,历史进入了经学的"极盛时代",然而天不佑汉家,地壳活动频繁,天相变化剧烈,传统儒家经学对于自然剧烈变化的原因解释乏力,无法帮助已经陷于天人关系困境中的汉代政治走出迷局;汉代儒生博士吸纳并整合了诸家理论,天文星占、风角卦气、卜筮医方等以阴阳为主导思想的学说肆意泛滥,经学阐释严重偏离了传统儒学的范畴而渐趋谶纬化。《易》为群经首观念的泛化,使阴阳成为汉儒思想、政治以及经学的最根本的命题;元气的多重界说,将谶纬诗学理论推升到了一个新的高度;而阴阳与元气两者的具象化即为谴告,也就是象告。象言和言象成为汉代经学以及诗学理论的经典话语,也是汉代以降文学的重要建构方式,催生了中国古代诗学理论新的气象。

During the reign of Emperor Yuan and Cheng of Western Han Dynasty, history enters＂prosperous era＂of study of Confucian classics. However, the empire is not blessed by heaven, the crust movement is frequent and climate changes a lot, so traditional study of Confucian classics cannot explain the natural intense change or help Han Dynasty come out of the political labyrinth of dilemma of man and heaven; Confucian scholars absorb and integrate different theories and theories with Yin-Yang ideas such as horoscope, divinatory symbols, divination are overrunning. Classical interpretation moves away from traditional field and becomes divination. Yi as the leading classics makes Yin-Yang become the basic proposition of Confucian thinking, political and classical studies; the multiple dimension of Vitality promotes theory of Interpretation of Divination of Confucian Poetics to a new level; the concretization of Yin-Yang and Vitality become augury. Augury and Image of Words become the classical speech of study of Confucian classics of Han Dynasty and the important constructive way of literature since Han Dynasty, which gives rise to new phenomenon of ancient Chinese poetic theory.