先秦史传口头叙事的词汇表现——以韵语、语气词和方言词为中心

Lexicon Expression of Colloquial Narrative of Pre-Qin History——Focusing on Verse, modal particle and dialect lexicon

先秦时期,口头和书面是两种并存的文学创作方式和传播方式,史传文学也曾以口头的方式创作和传播。书面语和口语最大的区别表现在词汇方面,从词汇方面来看先秦史传口头叙事的语言特征,是为了更好地还原先秦的口头叙事状态。史传中的韵语使句子音节协调,朗朗上口,是为了方便口耳相传过程中的记忆。语气词是为表达语气的需要而产生的,在口语中普遍使用,史传中的语气词使历史记录充满仪式感和真实感。先秦时期,方言广泛流传于口头,文献记载的方言也多出现在口语场景中。这些口语词实际都是史传文学的口头叙事特征在语言形式上的体现,从这些口语词中可以管窥先秦口头叙事的形式。

In Pre-Qin Period, oral and written forms co-exist in literary creation and transmission and history and biography are created in oral form. The greatest difference between written form and oral one lies in lexicon. Lexically, the linguistic feature of colloquial narrative of Pre-Qin Period aims at best restoring the state of colloquial narrative. Verse in history and biography can smooth the syllable of the sentence and be convenient for memorizing in oral transmission. Modal particle is created to express mood and popular in oral form. Modal particle in history and biography make historical record full of ceremonial and real sense. In Pre-Qin Period,dialect is oral and record of it also appears in oral context. These oral lexicons are the linguistic expression of the feature of colloquial narrative of literature and can show the form of the former in a sense.