转基因议题中科学话语的建构策略分析——以美国“智能平方”举办的一场转基因辩论为例

Analysis on the Construction Strategy of Scientific Discourse in GM Issues:Case Study of a GM Debate From "Intelligence Squared" Held in the US

2014年底,美国辩论组织"智能平方"邀请了四位生物领域的科学家作为正反方代表,在纽约举办了一场"是否应该支持转基因食品"的辩论。本文以该场辩论中双方的言论为语料,以詹姆斯·吉的话语建构任务为分析框架,以四位科学家在这场辩论中的话语为分析对象,探讨了辩论双方在转基因议题的实践视域中科学话语的表达特点。研究发现,通过构建身份、合理性和"中立性"的话语,辩论的正反双方试图构建出一种权威性的科学话语来获得信任;具体采用了互文性、预设、提出主张和批评等方式来争夺其话语的主导地位,并使用了一系列的语言和修辞策略,以强化其话语的力量或者解构对方的话语。

At the end of 2014, the American debate organization ＂Intelligence Squared＂ held a debate of ＂Genetically modify food＂ in New York which invited four scientists in biotechnology fields as representatives of two sides. Based on the words from both sides as corpus, and using James Paul Gee＇s discourse construction task as the analytical framework, this paper analyzed four scientists＇ discourse and explored the scientific discourse＇s characteristics of GM issues in practice. The study found that through the construction of identity, rationality and ＂neutral＂ discourse, both sides in the debate attempted to construct a scientific discourse of authority to gain trust. They used intertextuality, presupposition and criticism to compete for the discourse of dominant position, and used a series of linguistic and rhetorical strategies in order to strengthen the power of their discourse or deconstruct the opposite＇s discourse.