延安文艺“仙姑”改造叙事研究

Research on Transformation of “Xian Gu” Narratives in Yan'an Literature and Art

"仙姑"改造叙事是延安文艺中的重要内容,并直接关联于延安时代的社会改造运动。以《小二黑结婚》《太阳照在桑干河上》《白毛女》等经典文本为中心,来分析其中的仙姑形象及其改造叙事,即可重估性别建构、民间信仰与革命政治之间的复杂关系,进而从延安道路的经典叙事中,发现一个女性主体的别样革命/性景观:首先,延安文艺中的仙姑形象既意味着女性身份的污/巫名化,又显示出女性自我赋权的无限可能;其次,社会改造运动的理性规训一方面令仙姑祛魅,另一方面又让这个被压抑的她者得以显影;最后,女性极其复杂多样的权力实践,依然是现代乡土政治结构中的重要组成部分。延安文艺中的仙姑叙事歧义层叠,既是中国女性被现代革命改造的故事,也是中国女性对话革命并改造现代的故事。

Transformation of ＂Xian Gu＂ narratives is an important part of Yan＇ an Literature and Art, directly relating to the socialist transformation movement in Yah＇ an era. With Xiao Er Hei＇ s Marriage, Sunshine on Sanggan River, Bai Mao Nv and other classical texts as the center, the analysis of ＂Xian Gu＂ image and the transformation of narratives can not only re-estimate the complex relationship among gender construction, folk belief and revolutionary politics, but also discover a unique woman-subjective revolutionary/sexual view from the classical narratives of Yah＇ an approach. Firstly, the images of witch in Yan＇ an Literature and Art represents the infinite possibilities of woman＇ s self-empower- ing as well as stigmatization of female identity. Secondly, though on one hand, socialist transformation movement＇ s dis- cipline demands ＂Xian Gu＂ to get rid of her charm, on the other hand, it also reveals the repressed ＂her＂. Finally, wom- an＇ s complex and abundant power practice is still an important part of modem rural political structure. In Yah＇ an Litera- ture and Art, the narratives of ＂Xian Gu＂ manifest stacked different meanings, and ＂Xian Gu＂＇ s story is not only a Chi- nese woman being transformed by the modem revolution, but also a Chinese woman＇ s dialogue with the revolution and the transformation of the modem society.