住院肝病病儿的营养风险筛查

Screening for nutritional risk in hospitalized children with liver disease

目的 :营养不良是导致儿童肝病发病率和死亡率的主要因素。我们调查了肝病住院儿童营养不良和高营养风险的患病率以及住院营养支持率。方法 :选择在我院小儿肝病科住院治疗的共2 874例1~17岁肝病病儿为研究对象,用Z评分法(年龄别身高、身高别体重、年龄别体重Z评分)评价病儿的营养状况。采用STRONGkids营养筛查工具进行营养风险评分,分析不同营养风险评分对血液中的营养指标、营养支持率、住院时间的影响。结果 :总体营养不良发生率38.6%,近20.0%的病儿存在高度营养风险。高营养风险组与中营养风险组相比,营养不良的患病率明显增高(67.9%vs 31.3%)、血清白蛋白和前白蛋白在两组之间亦存在显著性差异(P<0.001)。只有8.9%的高度营养风险病儿和3.5%的中度营养风险病儿在住院期间获得了营养支持。高营养风险病儿住院时间更长、住院费用更高(P<0.001)。结论:肝病病儿营养不良率高,病儿在入院时即存在高营养风险。白蛋白和前白蛋白是区分不同营养风险的敏感指标。高度营养风险可致住院时间的延长和治疗费用的增加。肝病病儿的营养支持率仍偏低,临床营养治疗有待规范。

Objective： Malnutrition is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality from pediatric liver disease. We investigated the prevalence of both malnutrition and high nutritional risk in hospitalized children with liver disease as well as the rate of in-hospital nutritional support. Methods： A total of 2 874 hospitalized children and adolescents with liver disease aged 1 to 17 years（inclusive） were enrolled. Malnutrition was screened by anthropometric measures（height for-age, weight-for-height, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores）. The Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth（STRONG kids） was used to evaluate nutritional risk status. Nutrition markers in blood, rate of nutritional support, length of hospital stay, and hospital fees were compared among nutritional risk groups. Results： The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 38.6%. About 20.0% of children had high nutritional risk, and prevalence of malnutrition was markedly greater in the high nutritional risk group compared with the moderate risk group（67.9% vs 31.3%）. Serum albumin and prealbumin differed significantly between high and moderate risk groups（P〈 0.001）. Only 8.9% of children with high nutritional risk and 3.5% with moderate nutritional risk received nutrition support during hospitalization. Children with high nutritional risk had longer hospital stays and greater hospital costs（P〈 0.001）. Conclusions： The prevalence of malnutrition is high in children with liver disease. High nutritional risk is also prevalent at admission. Albumin and prealbumin are sensitive markers for distinguishing nutritional risk groups. High nutritional risk prolongs length of stay and increases hospital costs. The nutritional support rate is still low and requires standardization.