电弧热等离子体建模、仿真及应用综述

Review of Arc Thermal Plasma Modeling, Simulation and Application

电弧现象是电气工程领域的基本问题,在该领域的研究包括电弧利用和电弧抑制2个方面,借助常规实验条件观测电弧等离子体物理状态属性较为困难,对其采用建模、计算、试验等分析手段,是优化电气结构、完善工艺过程等方面的重要依据。在综合已有电弧研究文献基础上,从建模机理及分类、数值计算方法、计算仿真软件、应用领域及测试系统等方面进行了全面的归纳与整合。首先可把电弧建模划分为外部电气特性和内部物理–化学特性两种方式,前者将电弧视为系统电路组成部分,通过数值拟合或经验值提取等方式确定模型参数后进行仿真,研究其外特性变化;后者是以流体力学、动力学、热力学、电磁学等理论为建模依据,进行电弧内部机理分析,反映了电弧流体的整体宏观属性和粒子细致微观属性的动态物理化学过程。其次,在数值计算方面,介绍了常规数值计算和数值实验的内容、区别和适用范围,对数值计算方法进行了分类汇总。从电弧模型的应用对象及应用角度,介绍了几种模型的计算过程及步骤。再次,汇总了目前常规使用的商业仿真软件,对其核心算法、特点及操作步骤进行了介绍,总结了各自适用范围和领域。最后,根据电弧的应用领域及产生电弧的背景参数,分析了所适用的建模理论依据及模型种类,并对不同应用场合下的电弧实验测试手段及平台的使用情况进行了综述。

Arc phenomenon is a basic problem in the field of electrical engineering, and research in this field includes arc using and arc surppressing. It is hard to observe the physical properties of arc plasma by conventional experimental conditions, thus adoptions of modeling, calculating, experimenting and other analytical methods are regarded to be an important basis for optimizing the electrical structure and improving the technological process. On the basis of integrated arc research literatures, we reviewed the modeling mechanism and classification, the numerical calculation method, computational simulation software, application fields and testing system for arc conducted a comprehensive induction. First, arc models can be divided into external electrical characterization and internal physical-chemical characterization two modes, the former mainly focuses on the characteristics of arc external changes which regard the arc as a part of system circuit, model parameters could be defined through numerical fitting or empirical values extracted;The latter takes fluid mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism theory as modeling bases, which reflect the arc thermal plasma dynamic physical-chemical process of internal overall macroscopic fluid properties and particles microscopic properties,and belongs to the internal mechanism of arc formation analysis. Second, in numerical calculations, the conventional numerical computation and experiments are introduced in the field of content, difference and applicable scope, and subtotaling the numerical methods. According to the difference between the application object of arc model and application field,we introduce the calculation process and steps of several typical models. Third, we summarize the current commercial simulation software, introduces the algorithm, characteristics and operation steps, and summarize the applicable scope and field. Finally, according to the application field of arc and the background parameters of arc, we analyze the applicable theory basis and model type, review the using of test method and platform in different application occasions, and point out the importance of arc testing.