对形式主义、官僚主义的历史思辨

Historical Thoughts on Formalism and Bureaucracy

形式主义、官僚主义问题古已有之,其本质就是官员追求个人利益最大化、个人投入最小化。官员是国家和民间的接口,如果没有适当的制度钳制,官员都成为职业官僚、职业的形式主义者,最终的结果就是国家失去治理的功能。官僚制度一旦形成,即带来了形式主义、官僚主义,这是与官僚制度共生的,必须靠外来的力量钳制。中国历史上对治理形式主义、官僚主义有过很多积极的探索。监督制度能有效发挥钳制作用,监督主体可以是同僚、媒体,也可以是民众。

Formalism and bureaucracy have existed since the ancient time, its essence is that the officials try to maximize their individual interests with the minimal personal inputs. Officials connect the state and the public. If there is no appropriate system restraining them, the officials will become professional bureaucrats and formalists. The final result is that the state loses the function of governance. Once the bureaucratic system is formed, it brings about formalism and bureaucracy, which is symbiotic with the bureaucracy, and must be controlled by external forces. In the Chinese history, there have been plenty of＂ positive explorations on addressing formalism and bureaucracy, The supervision system can play an effective role, and it could be the colleagues, the media, or the people exercising supervision.