世界家牛基因组多样性研究进展

Research Progress on the Genomic Diversity of Domestic Cattle in World

家牛作为最重要的家畜之一和反刍动物的模式生物，因其独特的生物学特性和品种多样性及其在农牧业中的重要性，一直以来都是家养动物研究的重点对象，近年来随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展，家牛全基因组研究取得了很多重要的成果和突破，为揭示家牛独特的生物学特性和家牛分子育种提供了重要的科学依据，同时对于其它哺乳动物基因组研究也具有十分重要的参考意义。本综述结合家牛基因组学和近年来家牛研究所取得的系列成果，对家牛基因组多样性的意义、进展及实践应用进行综合论述，同时对家牛基因组及基因组多样性研究中存在的不足或问题进行了总结与概括，并对家牛基因组多样性的研究进行展望。

Domestic cattle, as one of the most important livestock species and a ruminant model organism, with unique biological characteristics, breed diversity and importance in agriculture and animal husbandry, has always been the focus of domestic animal studies. In recent years, with the rapid development of high-throughout sequencing technologies, many important achievements and breakthrough have been made in cattle genome research, which provide important scientific evidences to reveal the cattle＇s unique biological characteristics and molecular breeding, for other mammalian genome research also have great reference meaning. This review summarized the significance, progress and practical application of the genomic diversity of domestic cattle, based on the bovine genomics and achievements in recent domestic cattle studies. Meanwhile, deficiencies or problems existed in the study of bovine genome and genomic diversity were discussed and summarized as well as the outlook for researches on the genomic diversity of domestic cattle.