桔梗多糖脱蛋白方法的优化及对抑菌性的影响

Optimization on the Deproteinization Methods of Platycodon Grandiflorum Polysaccharides and the Effect on Antibacterial Activity

以桔梗为实验材料，对水提后的多糖采用以下五种方法：Sevage法、盐酸法、三氯乙酸法、酶法以及酶与Sevage结合的方法进行脱蛋白处理，分别比较各种脱蛋白方法的蛋白质清除率以及多糖损失率。同时，对脱蛋白前后不同浓度的桔梗多糖的抑菌性进行比较。结果表明，五种脱蛋白方法的蛋白清除率依次为三氯乙酸法〉盐酸法〉Sevage法〉酶法〉酶＋Sevage法，即98．07％〉92．25％〉60．91％〉51．10％〉39．63％；多糖的损失率依次为三氯乙酸法〈酶＋Sevage法〈Sevage法酶〈酶法〈盐酸法，即8．83％〈10．08％11．23％〈11．74％〈22．24％；其中，三氯乙酸法蛋白质的清除率最高，多糖的损失率最小，为最适宜的脱蛋白方法。桔梗多糖脱蛋白前后对根霉、青霉、黄曲霉均有抑制效果。且随多糖浓度的增加抑菌作用逐渐加强。桔梗多糖脱蛋白前对根霉的抑制作用大于脱蛋白后的多糖。对青霉和黄曲霉的抑制作用效果则为脱蛋白后的多糖大于脱蛋白前的多糖。

With platycodon root as experiment material, the study took the methods of Sevage, hydrochloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, enzyme and enzymeand the combined method of Sevage to deproteinize the aqueous extracted polysaccharide, attempting to compare protein clearance rates and loss rates of polysaccharide among various deproteinizing methods. At the same time, the characteristics of bacteriostasis from was compared in different concentration polysaccharide befoe deproteinizing. Results showed that protein clearance ratio of five deproteinizing method was followed by trichloroacetic acid〉hydrochloric acid method〉Sevage〉enzymatic 〉enzyme＋Sevage method, as was 98.07%〉92.25%〉60.91%〉51.10%〉39.63%; loss ratio of polysaccharide was trichloroacetic acid〈 enzyme＋Sevage method 〈 Sevage method enzyme enzymatic 〈hydrochloric acid method, as was 8.83 % 〈10.08 % 〈 11.23%〈11.74%〈22.24%. Clearance rate was the highest among them in the method of trichloroacetic acid protein of which polysaccharide loss reached minimum, so it was the most appropriate method of protein. Characteristics of polysaccharide protein before and after deproteinizing all had the inhibition effect on Rhizopus nigricans, Penicilium commune and Aspergillus flavus. With the increase of polysaccharide concentrations, bacteriostatic action gradually strengthened. Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharide protein before treatment had more adverse influence on Hizopus nigricans than the polysaccharide after treatment. However, there was better inhibition effect on Penicillium commune and Aspergillus flavus, by deproteinated polysaccharide.