218例抗菌药物致药品不良反应报告

Reports on 218 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction Induced by Antibiotics

目的:探讨郑州市第七人民医院(以下简称"我院")抗菌药物致药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)发生的特点及影响因素,为促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:收集2014—2016年我院抗菌药物致ADR报告218例,对患者基本情况和ADR发生时间、给药途径、涉及药物种类、累及器官和(或)系统、严重的ADR的临床表现及转归情况进行回顾性汇总分析。结果:218例ADR报告中,男女患者比例基本持平;各年龄段患者均有ADR发生,其中≥60岁老年患者所占比例最高(93例,占42.66%);ADR多发生于用药后>10~30 min(59例,占27.06%);静脉滴注为主要给药途径(194例,占88.99%);涉及抗菌药物11类28个品种,其中氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物引发的ADR病例数最多(103例,占47.25%),其次为头孢菌素类抗菌药物(37例,占16.97%);主要累及皮肤及其附件(125例,占57.34%);严重的ADR共24例(占11.01%),其中左氧氟沙星引发的严重的ADR病例数最多(6例)。结论:抗菌药物致ADR的发生受多种因素影响,医院应加强抗菌药物的管理,规范、合理应用抗菌药物,重视ADR监测和上报工作,确保临床用药安全、有效。

OBJECTIVE： To probe into the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of adverse drug reactions（ ADR） induced by antibiotics in the Seventh People＇s Hospital of Zhengzhou（ hereinafter referred to as ＂our hospital＂）,so as to provide references for promoting clinical rational medication. METHODS： 218 cases of ADR induced by antibiotics reported in our hospital during 2014-2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed in terms of patients＇ basic information,occurrence time,administration routes,ADR involved drugs,involved organs and（ or）systems,clinical features and prognoses of severe ADR. RESULTS： Among the 218 cases of ADR,the proportion of male and female patients was basically the same; every age group was involved,elderly patients aged over 60 took the highest proportion（ 93 cases,42. 66%）; most ADR occurred at 10-30 min after administration（ 59 cases,27. 06%）;intravenous drip was the main administration route（ 194 cases,88. 99%）; 11 kinds of 28 categories of antibiotics were involved,of which fluoroquinolones had induced the most ADR（ 103 cases,47. 25%）,the secondly was cephalosporins（ 37 cases,16. 97%）; the mostly involved system was skin and its accessories（ 125 cases,57. 34%）;there were 24 severe ADR（ 11. 01%）,of which mostly were induced by levofloxacin（ 6 cases）. CONCLUSIONS：The occurrence of ADR induced by antibiotics was multifactor influenced,hospitals should reinforce antibiotics administration for its standard and rational application,ADR monitoring and reporting also need to be paid attention to ensure safe and effective medication in clinic.