航天器碰撞解体模型分析比较

Comparison and Analysis on Spacecraft Collision Breakup Model

针对航天器空间碰撞解体碎片对在轨航天器造成威胁的问题,对空间航天器撞击解体模型进行分析比较。对目前国内外的航天器空间碰撞解体模型做了综述,并介绍3种国内外具有代表性的空间航天器撞击解体模型——Battelle撞击解体模型、NASA标准模型以及我国中国空气动力学研究与发展中心的CARDC-SBM撞击解体模型,以P-78卫星为例通过Matlab计算航天器碰撞解体模型结果并分析其各方面异同。分析结果表明:从碎片的尺寸、面质比和分离速度的分布来看,3种模型各有优劣。该研究为后续相关研究梳理了理论思路。

In o rd e r to solve the p ro b le m o f spacecraft c o llis io n caused by space d e b ris, the c o llis io n m o d e l is a nalyzedand com pared. T h is paper m a in ly in tro d u c e s three k in d s o f spacecraft c o llis io n b re a k u p m od e ls w h ic h are re p re se n ta tive athom e and abroad, in c lu d in g B a tte lle c o llis io n bre a ku p m o d e l, N A S A standard c o llis io n b re a ku p m o d e l and C A R D C -S B Mo f C h in a A e ro d y n a m ic s R esearch and D e v e lo p m e n t Center. F in a lly , ta k in g P -78 s a te llite as e xa m p le , ca lc u la te spacecraftc o llis io n bre a ku p m o d e l b y M a tla b and analyze the s im ila ritie s and d iffe re n ce s. T he re su lts s h o w th a t the m od e ls have th e iro w n advantages and disadvantages in te rm s o f the size o f the fra g m e n ts, area-to-m ass d is trib u tio n s and d e lta v e lo c ityd is trib u tio n s . I t p ro v id e s th e o re tic a l fo u n d a tio n fo r the fu rth e r study.