怎样正确认识史学与人民的关系

How to Correctly Understand the Relationship between Historiography and People

以往学术界多重视历史创造者问题的讨论,而在中国现代史学的发生发展过程中,存在着一个重大却一直未能很好解答,甚至未能得到足够重视的理论问题:"史学与人民的关系"。清末的史学从业者对"史学"的认知分歧不大,但对"人民"的认知分歧较大;民国时期学者对"人民"的认知分歧缩小,但对"史学"的认知趋于多元。新中国成立以来,虽然"史学"和"人民"的变量干扰降低,但经过"史学革命"等运动,史学以突出"人民"的方式远离了人民大众。改革开放后,史学界试图突出"应用"来拥抱人民,但旋因学术风气转变而中辍。时至今日,这一重大理论问题仍以悬置的方式存在于中国史学界。新时代的中国史学如何健康发展,应从认真思考"怎样正确认识史学与人民的关系"这一问题入手。

In the past,Chinese academia has paid much attention to the issue of who are the makers of history.However,in the practice of modern Chinese history,a major theoretical issue,that is,the relationship between historiography and the people has gotten less attention and remains unsolved.The late Qing historical workers had little divergence in their understanding of "historiography,"but were much divided in their understanding of the "people." On the contrary,disagreement on the meaning of the "people"decreased in the period of Republic of China,but became more diversified on "historiography." After the founding of the People's Republic of China,although the controversies over "historiography"and "people"were reduced,historiography moved away from the general public through "historical revolution"and other campaigns.After reform and opening up,the historical circles tried to embrace people by emphasizing "application,"but it was halted due to the turn of academic trends.Today,this major theoretical problem remains unsolved in Chinese history field.A healthy development of Chinese historiography in the new era should start with serious thinking about "how to correctly understand the relationship between historiography and people."