小年龄青少年被欺凌现状及影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of bullying among early adolescents

目的探讨处于青春早期的小年龄青少年被欺凌的影响因素,为开展进一步相关研究和干预提供依据。方法于2012年1—2月采用整群抽样方法对上海某九年制学校10~14周岁187名在校生进行平板电脑电子问卷测试,运用χ~2检验、连续性校正方法、Fisher确切概率法和多因素logistic回归分析方法对资料进行分析。结果男生被欺凌人数为29人(36.30%),女生为10人(11.60%),男生被欺凌比例高于女生(χ~2=13.98,P<0.001)。单因素分析显示,女生中父母没有结婚/住一起的容易受到欺凌(χ~2=6.64,P=0.06);男生中有女性朋友≥4人(χ~2=4.31,P=0.04)、自感未在学校获得老师帮助(χ~2=10.59,P=0.001)、接触老师几乎全为女性(χ~2=6.01,P=0.01)、知道同伴中有人谈恋爱(χ~2=8.11,P=0.04)和喜欢别人(χ~2=14.32,P<0.001)等因素与被欺凌有关,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示,男生中自感老师帮助过做到最好是被欺凌的保护因素(OR=0.123,95%CI=0.028~0.535),喜欢别人是被欺凌的危险因素(OR=10.280,95%CI=2.245~47.068)。结论应关注男生青春期情感问题,提醒老师加强对男生的帮助,以减少男生被欺凌的可能性。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of bullying among early adolescents and to provide a basis for further research and intervention.Methods A computer-assisted self-interview （CASI） was carried out among 187 students aged 10—14 years and selected with cluster sampling from a nine-year school in Shanghai city between January and February 2016. Chi-square test, correction for continuity, Fisher＇s exact test and multiple logistic regression were employed in the analysis.Results The number of boys and girls reporting the experience of being bullied were 29 （36.3%） and 10 （11.6%）; the proportion of boys being bullied was much higher than that of girls （χ2=13.98, P 〈 0.001）. Univariate analysis showed that the girls with unmarried parents or with parents not living together were more vulnerable to bullying （χ2=6.64, P=0.06） and the boys with four or more female friends （χ2=4.31, P=0.04）, without perceived helps from their teachers （χ2=10.59, P=0.001）, almost all teachers contacted in the school being female （χ2=6.01, P=0.01）, knowing some peers being involved in a love affair （χ2 =8.11, P=0.04）, and loving others （χ2=14.32, P 〈 0.001） were more likely to be bullied. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among the boys perceived doing the best under the help of teachers was a protective factor against being bullied （odds ratio[OR]=0.12, 95% confidence interval[95%CI]：0.03—0.54）; whereas loving others was a risk factor of being bullied （OR=10.280, 95%CI：2.245—47.068）.Conclusion Emotional problems among male adolescents needs to be concerned and school teachers should provide more help to boy students to prevent them from being bullied.