东莞市流动儿童欺负行为现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and determinants of bullying behavior among floating children in Dongguan city

目的了解广东省东莞市流动儿童校园欺负行为现状和相关影响因素。方法于2016年4月采用分层整群抽样方法抽取东莞市4所民办打工子弟中学和4所公立中学共1 340名流动儿童,使用Olweus儿童欺负问卷初中版调查欺负相关行为。结果 1 340名流动儿童中,报告有欺负行为的有129人(9.63%),男生欺负报告率(13.57%)高于女生(4.24%),不同欺负形式报告率分别为语言欺负8.51%、关系欺负2.16%、身体欺负1.87%。报告受欺负的有298人(22.24%),男生受欺负报告率(27.26%)高于女生(15.37%),不同受欺负形式报告率分别为受语言欺负19.78%、受关系欺负5.22%、受身体欺负4.33%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,民办学校、高年级是流动儿童欺负/受欺负行为的保护因素,男生、母亲近3年频繁换工作、吸烟、饮酒是欺负行为的危险因素;而男生、家庭关系较多矛盾、和同学关系差、母亲近3年频繁换工作、饮酒是受欺负行为的危险因素。结论东莞市流动儿童校园欺负问题普遍,欺负/受欺负行为受到个体、家庭、学校和吸烟饮酒健康危险行为等因素的影响,干预行为应从多方面出发开展综合干预。

Objective To explore the prevalence and determinants of bullying behavior among floating children in Dongguan city of Guangdong province, and to provide evidences for intervention on bullying behavior.Methods A total of 1 340 floating children were recruited from 4 private middle schools and 4 public middle schools in Dongguan city using stratified cluster random sampling. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was then conducted among the floating children with Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire （OBVQ） in April 2016. Logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of bullying behavior.Results Among the 1 340 respondents, 129 （9.63%） reported behaviors of bullying others and more boys （13.57%） reported behaviors of bullying others than the girls （4.24%）. Of the respondents, 8.51%, 2.16%, and 1.87% reported verbal, relational, and physical bullying. Totally 298 （22.24%） of the respondents reported experience of being bullied and more boys （27.26%） reported being bullied than the girls （15.37%）. The proportion of the respondents reporting being verbally, relationally, and physically bullied were 19.78%, 5.22%, and 4.33%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that studying in a private schools and being a senior student were protective factors against bullying others and being bullied among the respondents; while the risk factors of bullying others included male gender, with a mother changing jobs frequently, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking and the risk factors of being bullied were male gender, poor family relationship, poor relationship with classmates, with a mother changing jobs frequently, and alcohol drinking.Conclusion Bullying behavior is prevalent among floating children and the occurrence of the behavior is influenced by individual, family, school and health risk behaviors. This study suggests comprehensive interventions on bullying behavior should be taken among the children.