北京市企事业单位员工饮食行为及其与高血压患病关系

Association of dietary behaviors with hypertension among employees of enterprises and public institutions in Beijing city

目的了解北京市企事业单位员工饮食行为及其与高血压患病关系,为高血压的防治提供参考依据。方法于2014年1月—2015年12月采用随机整群抽样方法在北京市抽取6家企事业单位13 991名18~60岁员工进行问卷调查。结果北京市13 991名企事业单位员工中,荤素搭配以荤素各半者为主(72.5%),粗细粮搭配以细粮为主(65.0%),吃饭速度以较快为主(49.3%),饮食口味以适中为主(60.8%),饮牛奶频率以<1次/周为主(43.8%),吃早餐频率以6~7次/周为主(85.7%)。北京市企事业单位员工患高血压者1 832例,高血压患病率为13.1%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,吃饭速度适中及较快、饮食口味偏咸和饮牛奶频率≥6次是北京市企事业单位员工高血压患病的危险因素;女性和吃早餐频率为2~5次/周是北京市企事业单位员工高血压患病的保护因素。结论吃饭速度、饮食口味、饮牛奶频率和吃早餐频率等饮食行为可影响北京市企事业单位员工高血压的患病情况。

Objective To examine the correlation between diet behavior and hypertension among employees of enterprises and public institutions and to provide evidences for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods We carried out a questionnaire survey among 13 991 employees （aged 18 - 60 years） recruited with random cluster sampling in 6 enterprises and public institutions in Beijing city from January 2014 to December 2015. Results The proportions of the participants reporting following major dietary behaviors were 72.5% for half meat and half vegetable diet, 65.0% for taking wheat flour and rice as the main staple diet, 49.3% for eating fast, 60.8% for having neither salty nor bland food, 43.8% for drinking milk less than once a week, and 85.7% for having breakfast 6 - 7 times per week, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 13.1% among the participants. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that eating fast, preference for salty food, and drinking milk more than 6 times a week were risk factors; while, female gender, having breakfast 2 - 5 times per week were protective factors against hypertension. Conclusion Dietary behaviors as eating pace, food preference, frequencies of drinking milk and having breakfast can affect hypertension prevalence among employees of enterprises and public institutions in Beijing city.