优化营商环境视阈下放管服改革的逻辑与推进路径--基于世界银行营商环境指标体系的分析

The Logic and Path of China's Administrative Reform from the Perspective of Optimizing Business Environment:Based on the Analysis of the World Bank Business Environment Indicator System

在放管服改革进程中,引入世界银行营商环境指标体系,是中国政府提升全球治理参与能力和精准化管理水平的重要突破口。优化营商环境目标的确立,是放管服改革进入2.0时代的标志。以此分界,改革的核心特征,已经从重视对政府审批事项"量"的控制,转变为重视企业经营活动软环境"质"的提升;从强调政府自身革命的主体视角,转变为服务市场的客体视角;从强调政府与企业的单维度关系,转变为政府与能源供应者、金融机构、司法机关、社会组织之间的多维度关系。虽然两个阶段改革的终极目标同样是"公众获得感",但世界银行的营商环境指标体系为放管服改革如何增强公众获得感,提供了可借鉴的操作方法与制度工具。本文以分析招商环境至营商环境的概念演变过程为逻辑起点,参照世界银行构建的指标体系,对标典型国家优良营商环境。研究认为中国政府应继续深化信用体系、保护投资者、执行合同、办理破产、便利跨境贸易等重点领域的改革,突出中央层面战略设计对国际治理规则与地方政府创新的回应性,加强法律法规、政策和基础实践工作的系统集成,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。

In the process of administrative reform, the introduction of the World Bank business environment mulcator system is of great significance to improve the Chinese government ability of participating in global governance and the level of precise management. Setting the goal of optimizing business environment is a sign tha~ the reform of ＂delegating power, strengthening regulation, improving government services＂ enters into 2.0 era. From this point, the core characteristics of reform have already been changed from emphasizing on the ＂quantity＂ control in government examination and approval matter to ＂quality＂ improvement in soft environment for business operations, from emphasizing on the subiect perspective of government＇s own revolution to the object perspective of service market, and from emphasizing on the single dimension relationship between government and enterprises to the multi-dimensional relationships between government and energy suppliers, financial institutions, judicial organs, social organizations and so on. Although the ultimate goal of two reform stages is ＂public relative acquisition＂, the World Bank business environment indicator system provides operation methods and institutional tools for how to enhance public relative acquisition in the reform of ＂delegating power, strengthening regulation, improving government services＂ . This paper takes the analysis of the concept evolution from investment environment to business environment as a logical starting point, referring to the indicator system set up by the World Bank to benchmark the excellent business environment in typical countries. The study concludes that Chinese government should continue to deepen its credit system, investors protection, contracts enforcement, insolvency resolve, facilitation of cross-border trade and other key areas of reform, highlighting the responsiveness of central level strategic design to international governance rules and local government innovation, strengthening the systematic integration of laws, regulations, policies and basic practices, and promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.