拉丁美洲高等教育发展历程与启示:从冲突依附到独立自主

The Development and Enlightenment of Latin American Higher Education: from Conflict Attachment to Independence

拉丁美洲高等教育在过去的近五百年里走过了一条"冲突依附—独立自主"的发展道路,大致可以分为殖民控制期(公私混合)、动荡发展期(重组新建)、主动依附期(自治共管)、反思求索期(自主探索)等四个时期。中国高等教育的发展表面上是外来思想、制度、文化的"冲突依附",实则也有"独立自主"的探索印记。展望未来的中国高等教育,既要保持国际视野,又要展开地方行动;既要重点培植文化根基,又要渐进加强文化外推;既要借鉴发达国家的先进经验,又要根植于中国特殊的社会文化土壤;大学既要思考如何更好地改造课程设置和教育环境,又要在追赶超越的过程中坦荡而理性地培育和坚守大学精神,建构经济新常态下中国高等教育的国际话语权体系。

Over the past 500 years, the development of higher education in Latin America is divided into four stages, namely, co- lonial control stage （public and private hybrid）, turmoil development （reorganization and construction）, active attachment （autonomy and co - administration） and reflection and exploration （ self - exploration）. The development of Chinese higher education seems to be the conflict attachment of outbound ideologies, systems and cultures, but it also actually involves independent attempts and trials. Loo- king into the future of Chinese higher education, it not only needs international vision but also local initiatives, it not only focuses on nurturing cultural roots but also reinforcing disseminating local culture, and it not only entails referring to advanced experience from de- veloped nations, but also being rooted in the unique Chinese society and culture. The university should think over how to improve cur- riculum and learning environment, foster and adhere the university spirit honesty and rationally during the process of pursuing and sur- passing, and construct the international discourse system of Chinese higher education in the era of New Normal.