外泌体在消化系统肿瘤精准诊断与治疗中的应用

Application of the exosome in diagnosis and treatment of digestive system cancers

精准医学与精准肿瘤学概念已被学术界广泛接受，但在临床实践中贯彻这一理念仍受到诸多限制。近年来，外泌体是液体活组织检查领域的研究热点，其具有脂质双分子层，可包裹蛋白质、核酸等物质，参与细胞间沟通。各类体液中均可分离、富集外泌体，具有微创、稳定性好、有生物活性等优点，很好地契合精准诊断与治疗实践。笔者分析外泌体在消化系统肿瘤发生、发展、复发、转移中的作用，及其在早期诊断、复发和转移监测等方面的潜在应用与挑战，供同道参考。

The concept of precision medicine and precision oncology has been widely accepted. However, the application of this concept still faces many challenges. Exosome investigation is a hot spot in the field of liquid biopsy. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer and contain proteins and nucleic acids which regulate cell-cell communication. Exosomes can be isolated and enriched in various body fluids. It has the advantages of micro-invasive, stable and biological active, and it fits well with the practice of precision medicine. In this review, authors discussed potential application and challenge of exosomes in early diagnosis and metastasis monitoring of gastric cancer.