国际上水资源综合管理进展

International progresses in integrated water resources management

中国近年实施最严格水资源管理制度、全面推行河长制等一系列政策,不断探索完善水资源综合管理的体制和机制。为加强对水资源综合管理的认识,推动中国水资源综合管理的实施,结合国际社会对水资源综合管理认识和实践新成果,主要梳理总结水资源综合管理理念的形成过程、主要组成、实施状况、存在问题和发展趋势。结果显示:(1)随着对传统水资源管理存在分散化等问题的认识,水资源综合管理的理念逐渐形成,并已被国际社会所接受;(2)水资源综合管理实施"综合"途径管理水资源,强调通过完善实施的环境条件、机构框架、具体管理手段和稳健的水基础设施投资机制,实现用水效率、社会公平、环境可持续的均衡;(3)许多国家已把综合管理的理念和措施纳入到其水资源管理政策和体制框架设计中,并在水管理的实践过程中取得新进展;(4)国际上水资源综合管理理念和经验为进一步完善中国水资源管理提供了启示和借鉴;(5)未来水资源综合管理将进一步得到推广实施,从理念到解决具体水问题的实践过程将进一步加强,并呈现多样性和动态性特征。尽管面临由于气候变化影响和水与社会经济交互作用导致的不确定性、复杂性等问题的挑战,随着水资源综合管理的实践和水科学研究进步,水资源管理将进一步采用整体、多学科和可持续的途径,助力可持续发展目标的实现。

Water is a basic natural resource that plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the integrity of the natural environment and promoting sustainable development. Socioeconomic growth and threats to water security have led to increasing attention to integrated water resources management（ IWRM） in recent decades. China has introduced the most stringent water resources management system,the river chief system,and other water policies to explore and improve the institutional structure and mechanism of IWRM. This paper summarizes the general framework of IWRM,discusses its implementation status worldwide,and examines developing trends in its practice. The data show that：（1） with increasing awareness of the problems of fragmented water resources management,the concept of IWRM has gradually been accepted by the international community;（2） by emphasizing the importance of integration in water resources management,IWRM promotes the optimization of enable environment,institutional roles,management measures,and reliable investments in water infrastructure to achieve balances among water efficiency,social equity,and environmental sustainability;（3） many countries have adopted the principles and framework of IWRM for policy making and institutional design,and have made substantial progress in water management practices;（4） international conceptions of IWRM and experiences with its implementation can provide inspiration and reference for the improvement of China＇ s water resources management;（5） IWRM will be further promoted and implemented, and its application to the solution of specific water issues will be strengthened with diversified and dynamic characteristics.Despite the existing challenges,such as uncertainty and complexity of climate change and the water-socioeconomic nexus,the experience in IWRM and the improvement of water science will allow the further application of IWRM using a holistic,multidisciplinary,and sustainable approach to achieve sustainable development goals.