现行养老金制度系统性缺亟需纠偏--建立基于全要素贡献的养老金来源机制

The Systemic Defects of Current Pension System Need Urgently of Correction——A Theoretical Discussion on the Pension Source Based on TFP Contribution

现代经济增长主要由技术及资本要素驱动,劳动要素的作用趋于弱化,由此导致现代经济存在着劳动要素报酬占总收入的份额难以提高的内在机制。而现行养老金制度下的养老金主要来源于劳动要素报酬的贡献,因此劳动要素报酬占总收入的份额难以提高的内在机制必然不利于养老金的增长。同时,单纯依靠劳动要素报酬贡献的养老金制度,意味着养老金增长不能直接分享技术及资本要素对经济增长贡献的成果。据此,现代经济增长的动力机制下,现行养老金来源主要依靠劳动要素报酬贡献的制度设计存在着系统性缺陷。这是目前尚未被认知的将导致现行养老金制度难以持续的一大重要因素。长期看,破解养老金增长困难的根本出路是,建立基于全要素贡献的养老金来源机制。

The economic growth is driven mainly by technology and capital factor, the role of labor factor tends to weaken today. This leads to the existence of the inherent mechanism that the share of the labor factor's income in the national income is difficult to increase.The current pension mainly comes from labor income. Therefore, the internal mechanism of decline in the share of labor income must be certainly not conducive to the growth of pension. In the meantime, the pension system that only relies on labor means that pension growth can not directly benefit from technology and capital. This is the reason that the design of the current pension system which mainly depends on the contribution of labor income has systematic defects, and there is another important factor that has not yet been recognized, which will lead to the pension system unsustainable. The fundamental way to solve the problem is to establish the mechanism of pension source based on total factor productivity.