当代西方文学批评的跨文化范式——《全球流动时代的跨文化作家与跨文化小说》述评

The Transcultural Paradigm in Contemporary Western Literary Criticism: A Review of Transcultural Writers and Novels in the Age of Global Mobility

进入21世纪以来,经济全球化浪潮方兴未艾,世界各国的联系交往日益密切,跨国迁徙与人口流动的规模不断扩大,这些都冲击了文化归属与民族身份等传统观念,而与之共生的当代文学创作也越来越关注个体的跨语言、跨文化与跨种族体验。意大利澳籍学者达格尼诺的近作《全球流动时代的跨文化作家与跨文化小说》审视了全球流动时代语境下跨文学作家这一新兴文学群体的小说创作特色,在汲取并拓展旧有跨文化理论的基础上提倡一种"跨文化比较学"的研究路径,并激情洋溢地展望了跨文化文学理论的未来。达格尼诺的初衷是推崇一种超越文化差异与种族偏见的世界主义理想,但这种过于乐观的基调背后仍然激荡着霸权政治、分裂主义和文化冲突等刻不容缓的现实危机。与此同时,达格尼诺在阐述过程中所隐含的精英主义立场、对后殖民研究的偏见以及对跨文化文学范式的见解仍有值得商榷之处。

The surging tide of economic globalization in the 21 st century, which brings growing inter-connectedness and transnational migration in its wake, is challenging conventional notions of cultural belonging and national identity. The resultant crop of contemporary literature has also evinced increased engagement with the representation of translingual, transcultural, and trans-ethnic life experiences. The Italian-Australian critic Arianna Dagnino＇s Transcultural Writers and Novels in the Age of Global Mobility, frowning upon the previous theoretical frameworks, explores the transcultural writings of a cohort of writers with an emergent transcultural sensibility amid a new globalized zeitgeist through the lens of ＂transcultural comparativism,＂ and envisions with impassioned advocacy a transcultural paradigm shift in literary criticism in the foreseeable future. It is contended that Dagnino＇s overtly euphoric celebration of a cosmopolitan ideal which transcends cultural differences and ethnic boundaries, however, throws into sharper relief such burning issues as hegemonic politics, secessionism, and religious strife; moreover, her elitist stance, unfriendliness with postcolonial studies and understanding of the transcultural literary genres still merit further investigation.