热泉微生物驱动的氮循环研究进展及展望

Research progress in microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycles in hot springs

热泉微生物是驱动热泉氮(N)循环的主导力量,开展热泉生态系统中驱动氮循环微生物种群构成及其与环境响应的研究,对于探索热泉中氮的生物地球化学循环、生命进化、生物修复等方面都具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文综合阐述了热泉生态系统驱动氮循环的功能微生物(如固氮菌、氨氧化菌、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌、异化硝酸盐还原菌)在系统发育学上的分布、功能基因的相对丰度、活性及其与环境因子(如温度、pH)的相关性等方面的研究现状和亟待解决的问题。并展望了热泉生境中驱动氮循环微生物未来的研究方向。

Microorganisms are the dominant players driving the nitrogen cycles in hot springs. Thus, exporing microbial community composition of nitrogen-related microorganisms and their ecological response to environmental factors are of important theoretical and practical value for the study of biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, life evolution and bioremediation. This review focuses on the distribution of functional microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cyclings and how their functional gene abundance and activity responded to environmental factors （e.g., temperature, pH）. So far, microbial functional groups that have been investigated in hot springs included nitrogen-fixation, aerobic （anaerobic） ammonia oxidation and denitrification. Finally, prospect was given on the microbial studies on nitrogen cycles in hot springs.