新形势下女大学生就业的状况、问题与对策

Issues in Female University Graduates' Employment

通过对12所高校2016届大学生就业状况数据及座谈访谈资料的分析发现,总体上看,女大学生初次就业率比往年有所下降,并低于男生,最终就业率则与上年持平,且性别差异不显著,但部分高校及特定专业女大学生最终就业率下降明显。同时,女大学生求职过程中还遭遇找工作时间延长、就业机会减少、就业质量下降等问题。造成当前女大学生就业问题的主要原因包括用人单位就业性别歧视依然存在、政府部门监管不力、高校就业指导针对性不强以及女大学生维权意识不足等,需要进一步采取加大对女大学生就业创业的正面宣传力度、引导用人单位实施性别平等的人力资源管理措施、加强对人力资源市场的监管力度、增强高校就业指导工作针对性等措施进行应对。

Based on the 2016 employment data of 12 universities as well as interviews and focus groups among female university gradu- ates, this paper asserts that the female university graduates＇ employment rate, for the first time, declined and was lower than males＇. The ultimate employment rate was the same as in 2015, which exhibited no clear gender based differences, although female graduates in some universities and specializations clearly dropped from before. Moreover, female university graduates encountered issues, in search of jobs, including longer time, reduced opportunities, and declined quality of employment. These issues have likely arisen from the existence of gender-based discrimination among employers, the lack of enforcement of law by the government, the lack of targeted employment promo- tion on the part of universities and the weak awareness of their rights among female graduates. The paper proposes to strengthen the pub- licity of promoting women＇s graduates＇ employment and entrepreneurship, guide employers to adopt human resources policy to advance gender equality, enhance the regulation of job markets and increase universities＇ targeted strategy to promote employment among women graduates.