稠油藏不同开发方式地层水微生物群落功能多样性

Functional diversity on microbial communities in formation water with different exploitation methods in heavy oil reservoirs

人工干预后稠油藏内部微生物群落会发生复杂变化,为进一步明确微生物活性和代谢多样性,选取辽河油田不同开发方式内8口采油井,利用佰珞生态（Biolog-ecology,Biolog-ECO）技术解析地层水微生物群落功能多样性特征。结果显示,地层水微生物群落对多聚物类和氨基酸类代谢最显著,碳水化合物和羧酸类次之,对胺类和酚类化合物代谢程度最低。微生物群落颜色平均变化率（AWCD）的趋势为蒸汽吞吐驱（SS）〉聚合物驱（PF）〉蒸汽驱（SF）,香农-威纳多样性指数（H′）、辛普森优势度指数（D）及皮卢均匀度指数（J）的趋势为PF〉SS〉SF。采样井由水驱（WF）开发转变为PF开发后,微生物群落在油水体系中发生较大变异,多样性指数高于其他开采方式,表现出较高代谢多样性。SS开发温度梯度范围是46~350℃比SF开发的37~290℃范围更宽泛,意味着微生物可选择适宜的环境生长繁殖,其碳源代谢活性强于其他开采方式。研究表明,SS和PF开发地层水微生物群落对碳源利用能力强,其结果为了解复杂稠油藏内部微生物资源和代谢特征以及后续内源激活、功能微生物定向筛培等应用提供参考。

Due to anthropogenic intervention,the exploitation of heavy oil increases the complexity of the microbial community in the reservoir,and the microbial activity and metabolic diversity need to be clarified.In this study,formation waters of 8 production wells were collected,which were explored by different methods and located in the Liaohe oilfield,and microbial community functional diversity was analyzed by using Biolog-ecology（Biolog-ECO）technology.The results showed that the microbial community had obvious advantages in metabolism of amino acids and polymers,followed by carbohydrates and carboxylic acids,amines and phenolic compounds in the lowest level.The average well color development（AWCD）tendency follows the order of steam soak（SS）polymer flooding（PF）steam flooding（SF）.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H′）,Simpson dominance index（D）and Pielou evenness index（J）tendency follows the order of PFSSSF.The microbial community of production wells changed greatly in the oil and water system after exploitation method replacement from water flooding（WF）to PF,and showed higher metabolic diversity.The temperature gradient range of SS（46~350 ℃）was wider than SF（37~290 ℃）,this indicated that microorganism can select suitable temperature environment for growth and reproduction,and had stronger metabolic activity to carbon source than other exploitation methods.Research showed that the microbial community of formation water from SS and PF had strong utilization capacity of carbon source.These results can provide insights into the microbial resources and metabolic characteristics of complex heavy oil reservoirs,and the application of endogenous activation and directional screening of functional microorganisms.