德国残疾人社会保护政策的反贫困现状评析

The Critique and Evaluation of Anti-poverty Effect of the Present Disability Social Protection Policies in Germany

残疾人贫困是一个国际性难题。德国作为世界上首个建立残疾保险的国家,经过数百年发展其残疾人社会保护政策较大多国家和地区而言已相对完善和成熟,但根据2015年联合国残疾人权利委员会对德国残疾人社会保护政策的评估,认为其依然无法保障残疾人基本生活水平。本文回顾了德国社会保护政策发展历程,并依据联合国《残疾人权利公约》第二十八条对残疾人社会保护政策的分类梳理了德国残疾人社会保护政策构成,总结了目前存在的问题以及反贫困效果。最后,通过对德国残疾人社会保护政策的反贫困现状评析提出了几点对我国发展残疾人社会保护政策的启示。

Persons with disabilities in poverty is an international problem. Germany, as the first country established disability social insurance, has developed relatively perfect social with disabilities in the world. However, the CRPD （Convention on the Rights protection system for persons of Persons with Disabilities） Alliance reaches the conclusion in the Germany Shadow Report （2015） that the social protection system in Germany could not meet the basic life demands of persons with disabilities. This paper reviews the developing process of German social protection policies for persons with disabilities and introduces the system structure according to the Article 28 of CRDP, then evaluates the problems in this system and its anti-poverty effect. Finally, this paper gives some implications for the anti-poverty social policies for persons with disabilities in China.