汉外语文辞书编纂四百年(1575—1950)

Four Hundred Years of the Compilation of Chinese-Foreign Language Dictionaries

在我国语文辞书编纂史上,首先实现从古代字书向现代辞书转型的是汉外语文辞书。在从明朝中晚期到新中国成立近四百年的历史长河中,伴随着西方文化的传入和国人新学意识的增强,汉外语文辞书的编纂先后经历了天主教士入华前的手稿汉外辞书阶段,天主教士入华后的手稿汉外辞书阶段,以新教传教士为主、中国人为辅的汉外辞书阶段,以东归国人为主体的汉外辞书阶段,以本土学者为主、外籍学者为辅的汉外辞书阶段等具有时代特色的五个历史时期,编纂队伍也逐渐实现了由传教士到国人的转变,对我国现代辞书编纂和辞书现代化产生了积极的引导示范作用。

In the history of the compilation of Chinese dictionaries, the transition from ancient lexicons to modern dictionaries is firstly realizedin the Chinese-foreign language dictionaries. With the input of Western culture into China and the enhancement of consciousness of new learning, there appeared five stages of the compilation of Chinese-foreign language dictionaries, that is, the period of editing manuscripts of Chinese-foreign language dictionaries before and after the entry of Catholic missionaries, the period of compilation of Chineseforeign language dictionaries dominated by Protestant missionaries and assisted by the Chinese, the period of compilation dominated by Chinese returned from studying in eastern countries, and the period of compilation dominated by domestic scholars and assisted by foreign ones. These stages show that the transition of the compiling team from the missionaries to domestic scholars plays an important role in the compilation of modern dictionaries and the modernization of dictionaries.