朝鲜朝汉语官话华人“质正官”考

A Study on the “Mandarin Language Examiner” of Korean Chinese

本文通过历史上偰长寿等数位在朝华人"质正"史实阐述朝鲜独特的汉语"质正官"制度。该制度体现出在朝鲜历史上汉语教育曾得到国家层面的高度重视,这在全球范围内汉语教育史上是空前绝后的。讨论此项制度及其实施者所做出的贡献,具有较高的理论价值和现实意义。我们通过选取朝鲜朝几位有代表性的华人"质正官"分别加以论述,说明朝鲜朝文献所记载的朝鲜境内华人汉语"质正官"不仅是汉语教育的实践者,也是汉语教育理论的探索者,作为朝鲜朝历代质正官群体中的一员,其对中华文字音韵的"质正"使朝鲜半岛的汉学研究一直延续不断,成为古代朝鲜对中华文物、礼仪、文化甚至医学等等传承学习的重要桥梁,对其研究,就有助于学界对朝鲜明清汉语官话语音文献、语音来源以及朝鲜朝汉语官话语音"质正"制度的进一步的深入了解。

By examining several Korean Chinese "Mandarin Language Examiners" in the Korean court, this paper attempts to investigate the system of "Mandarin Language Examiner" in Korea. It shows that the Korean court put unprecedented importance on the teaching of the Chinese language which was guaranteed by this national system. There is much theoretical value and practical significance to discuss the system of the "Mandarin Language Examiner" and the contributions made by the practitioners. Taking several "Mandarin Language Examiner" representatives as examples, this paper tries to show that they were not only the practitioners of Chinese language education, but also the explorers of the theory of language education. As language examiner officials, their examinations of the Chinese phonology promoted sinological studies in the Korean dynasty, and became an important means for Koreans to learn from Chinese heritage, etiquette, culture and medicine. Research on the system of the "Mandarin Language Examiner" can help academics with their understanding of the source of phonetic documents.