加拿大自由贸易协定劳工标准及其启示

Labor Standards in Canada's Free Trade Agreements and Its Implications

2016年9月,中国与加拿大就启动中加自贸区可行性研究达成共识,这将极大地推动中加自由贸易区的建设进程。就此,加拿大在其自由贸易协定中纳入劳工标准的原则立场,极有可能引发中加自由贸易协定劳工议题的谈判。加拿大通过附属协议模式或嵌入条款模式,在自由贸易协定中纳入劳工标准,其实体性规则不尽相同,程序性规则有所区别,强制执行力存在差异。对此,在中加自由贸易协定劳工议题的谈判上,我国应坚持采用附属协议模式,提出我国可接受的劳工标准,坚持采用磋商等单独的劳动争端解决机制,反对采用与贸易同一争端解决机制,避免劳工问题与贸易制裁措施发生关联。

In September 2016,China and Canada reached a consensus on the feasibility study of the China and Canada Free Trade Area,which would greatly push forward its construction process. In this regard, Canada ＇ s position of incorporating labor standards in its free trade agreements is likely to trigger negotiation on labor issue of the free trade agreement between China and Canada. Canada sets up labor standards in its free trade agreements either through side agreements or provisions in the main text. These labor standards are different both in substantive and procedural rules,resulting differences in enforceability. Therefore,to the possibly triggered negotiation on labor issue, China should use side agreement, put forward labor standards acceptable to China,establish separate procedural rules,and object the use of the dispute settlement mechanism same with trade dispute settlement mechanism so as to avoid link between labor issues and trade sanctions.