早餐营养质量对青年脑力劳动者饱腹感的影响

Effect of nutrition quality of breakfast on satiety among young white-collar workers

目的 分析不同营养质量早餐对青年脑力劳动者饱腹感的影响。方法 于2015年6月在沈阳和重庆招募研究对象。纳入标准：年龄在25~45岁之间，从事脑力工作者，近期未经历重大变故者，能够遵从实验方案。共招募到278名受试者。采用三阶段交叉设计方法，每名研究对象均分别吃营养充分早餐1次，吃营养不充分早餐1次，不吃早餐1次，每周1次，1周后互换，连续3周。比较研究对象吃不同营养质量早餐后的饱感和饥饿感情况。结果 共有232名研究对象完成3次试验，年龄为（35.2±7.9）岁，其中男性113名（48.7%），25~35、36~45岁分别为118、114名。营养充分早餐、营养不充分早餐和不吃早餐组的饱感得分分别为63.5±14.7、53.1±10.2和36.4±7.2（P〈0.05）；营养不充分早餐组和不吃早餐组男性饱感得分均高于女性（50.9±10.5比6.6±9.4，35.2±8.3比31.8±5.4）（P值均〈0.05）；营养不充分早餐组和不吃早餐组中25~35岁研究对象饱感得分均高于36~45岁研究对象（51.3±11.0比45.6±12.1，34.1±6.8比32.5±7.9）（P值均〈0.05）。营养充分早餐、营养不充分早餐组和不吃早餐组的饿感得分分别为26.3±8.0、35.1±11.2和57.3±17.0（P〈0.05）。结论 早餐营养质量是影响青年脑力劳动者的饱腹感的主要因素；早餐营养质量越好，饱感得分越高，饥饿感得分越低；男性比女性，25~35比36~45岁研究对象更容易获得饱感。

Objective To analyze the effect of breakfast nutrition quality on the satiety among young white-collar workers.Methods A total of 278 subjects were recruited from two cities, Shenyang and Chongqing, in June 2015. The inclusion criteria： white-collar workers aged 25-45 years involved mainly in office work, who did not experience major changes, and individuals who should follow the study protocol and sign the informed consent form. The study employed a three-phase crossover design trial. Each participant received nutritional-adequate breakfast, nutritional-inadequate breakfast, and no breakfast treatment on the basis of assignment to one of three sequences. The breakfast time was once a week and then changed, all participants underwent the tests for three successive weeks. At last, we compared the effect of participants to consume different nutritional quality on satiety sense and hunger sense.Results A total of 232 participants completed three successive breakfast intervention studies, the age of participants was （35.2 ± 7.9） years, comprised of 48.7% male （n=113）. The numbers of participants of aged 25-35 year-old and aged 36-45 were 118 and 114, respectively. Satiety scores of nutrition-adequate breakfast group, nutrition-inadequate breakfast group and no breakfast group were 63.5±14.7, 53.1±10.2 and 36.4±7.2, respectively （P〈0.05）. In nutrition-inadequate breakfast group and no breakfast group, male subjects scored significantly higher than female subjects （50.9±10.5 vs 46.6±9.4, 35.2±8.3 vs 31.8±5.4） （P〈0.05）. And, participants aged 25-35 year-old. got satiety score significantly higher than aged 36-45 （51.3±11.0 vs 45.6±12.1, 34.1±6.8 vs 32.5±7.9）, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The scores of hunger in the group of nutrition-adequate breakfast, nutrition-inadequate breakfast and no breakfast were 26.3 ± 8.0, 35.1 ± 11.2 and 57.3 ± 17.0, respectively （P〈0.05）.Conclusion The nutrition quality of breakfast affects the satiety of young white-collar workers. The better the nutrition quality of breakfast is, the higher the satiety score and the lower the hunger score become. Compared with women and participants aged 36-45 year-old, men and those aged 25-35 year-old get satiety sense more easily.