不同滴灌频率和施氮量对西葫芦生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Drip-irrigation Frequency and Amount of Nitrogen on Growth and Development of Greenhouse Squash

以西葫芦品种"绿优"为试材,在日光温室中,灌溉定额为629.87 mm,设置2个灌水频率(高频2 d 1次和低频7 d 1次)和2个施氮量(高氮565 kg·hm-2和适氮375 kg·hm-2)水平,4个处理分别为:低频适氮(处理Ⅰ)、高频适氮(处理Ⅱ)、低频高氮(处理Ⅲ)、高频高氮(处理Ⅳ),分析不同处理对西葫芦的影响,为明确科学合理的灌水频率和施肥量提供参考依据。结果表明:在同一施氮水平下,高频灌水处理的西葫芦的叶面积大小、干物质积累、产量以及水分利用效率均高于低频灌水处理。在定额灌水量下,灌水频率对西葫芦水分利用效率的影响程度大于施氮量;在适氮水平下,西葫芦产量对于灌水频率敏感,高频灌水较低频灌水产量增加13.90%,而对于高氮处理,提高灌水频率,产量增加不显著,产量对灌水频率增加的敏感程度低。整个生育期,高频灌水处理土壤保持较好的土壤含水率,减少了深层下渗,降低了西葫芦的耗水量。综合各指标表明,处理Ⅱ>处理Ⅳ>处理Ⅲ>处理Ⅰ。处理Ⅱ灌水处理更有利于西葫芦的生长和产量的提高,推荐最佳温室西葫芦田间管理的灌水频率和施氮量为处理Ⅱ。

In order to explore effects of irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilizer on growth of squash,the fixed irrigation quota was 629. 87 mm,planting squash in a solar greenhouse by using four treatments which included two irrigation frequencies(high frequency was once every two days and low frequency was once every seven days) and two nitrogen fertilizer(high nitrogen level was 565 kg·hm-2 and suitable nitrogen level was 375 kg· hm-2),there were low frequency and suitable nitrogen(treatment Ⅰ),high frequency and suitable nitrogen(treatment Ⅱ),low frequency and high nitrogen(treatment Ⅲ),high frequency and high nitrogen(treatment Ⅳ). The results showed that under the same level of nitrogen fertilizer,leaf area,dry plant mass,yield and water use efficiency of high frequency irrigation were higher than that of low frequency irrigation. As a given fixed irrigation quota,irrigation frequency level affect water use efficiency more substantially than nitrogen fertilizer; under the suitable nitrogen level,squash yield was sensitive to irrigation frequency,and squash yield in the high frequency irrigation treatments was 13. 90% higher than that in the low frequency irrigation treatments,however,for high nitrogen treatment,increasing irrigation frequency had no significant effect on yield,which indicated that the sensitivity of squash yield to irrigation frequency was low. In the whole growth period,high frequencies treatments maintained good soil moisture content,decreased deep percolation,and reduced water consumption. The priority of four treatments were selected in the order of treatment Ⅱ >treatment Ⅳ > treatment Ⅲ > treatmentⅠ. Treatment Ⅱ was recommended for greenhouse squash in solar greenhouse when growth and yield were considered comprehensively.