社区女性医护人员职业倦怠情况及其影响因素分析

Occupational Burnout and Its Influencing Factors in Community Women’s Health Care Workers

目的：了解上海嘉定区社区女性医护人员职业倦怠情况及探索影响职业倦怠的相关因素。方法：采用工作倦怠（Job Burnout,MBI-GS）问卷及社会支持评定量表（SSRS）,对上海嘉定区417名社区女性医护人员进行调查。结果：（1）在不同年龄、文化程度及户籍上,社区女性医护人员职业倦怠的3个维度平均评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。护士情绪衰竭及玩世不恭平均得分高于医生（t=-3.659,P〈0.05）。工作年限11-20年的医护人员玩世不恭平均得分高于工作年限≤5年和≥21年的医护人员（F=3.355,P〈0.05）。已婚医护人员情绪衰竭平均得分高于离婚/丧偶医护人员（F=3.101,P〈0.05）。中级及以上职称医护人员情绪衰竭平均得分高于初级医护人员（F=-2.350,P〈0.05）;（2）医护人员情绪衰竭和玩世不恭均与健康状况、收入状况及人际关系状况呈显著负相关（r=-0.270,-0.291,-0.165,-0.174,-0.265,-0.131;P〈0.01）;成就感低落与收入状况及社会支持各维度呈显著负相关（r=-0.131,-0.162;P〈0.05）;（3）多元逐步回归分析显示,收入状况、身体健康状况及工作年限能有效预测社区女性医护人员情绪衰竭程度（β=-0.320,-0.247,0.191;P〈0.01）。收入状况能有效预测社区女性医护人员玩世不恭程度（β=-0.338;P〈0.01）。社会支持总分及收入状况能有效预测社区女性医护人员成就感低落程度（β=-0.045,-0.172;P〈0.05）。结论 ：社区护士、已婚、工作年限11-20年、中级及以上职称的社区女性医护人员更易出现职业倦怠,应密切关注。职业倦怠与收入状况、身体健康状况、工作年限及社会支持等因素密切相关。

Objective：To understand the occupational burnout of female medical staff in Jiading District of Shanghai and to explore the relevant factors influencing occupational burnout.Methods：A total of 417 female health care workers in Jiading District of Shanghai were investigated by Job Burnout（MBI-GS）questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）.Results：（1） There was no significant difference in the average score of the three dimensions of occupational burnout in the community women at different ages,educational level and household registration（P〈0.05）.Nurses＇ emotional exhaustion and cynical average score were higher than doctors（t=-3.659,P〈0.05）.Medical staff with working years 11 to 20 had higher cynical average score than those with working years≤ 5 and≥ 21（F=3.355,P〈0.05）.The average score of emotional failure of married medical staff was higher than that of divorce/widowed medical staff（F=3.101,P〈0.05）.The average scores of emotional failure were higher than those of primary health care workers（F=-2.350,P〈0.05）.（2）The emotional exhaustion and cynicism of health care workers were significantly negatively correlated with health status,income status and interpersonal relationship（r=-0.270,-0.291,-0.165,-0.174,-0.265,-0.131;P〈0.01）.There was a significant negative correlation between the low sense of accomplishment and the status of income and social support（r=-0.131,-0.162;P〈0.05）.（3） Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that income status,physical health and working years were effective in predicting the degree of emotional exhaustion in community women（β=-0.320,-0.247,0.191;P〈0.01）.Income status could effectively predict the community of female health care workers cynical degree（β=-0.338;P〈0.01）.Social support scores and income status could effectively predict the level of depression in community women＇s health care staff（β=-0.045,-0.172;P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Community nurses,married,working years 11 to 20 years,intermediate and above the title of the community female health care workers are related to job burnout.Occupational burnout is closely related to factors such as income status,physical condition,years of work and social support.