美国“能源独立”现状、政策演变与经验分析

USA “energy independent” status,policy evolution and experiences analysis

分析了美国"能源独立"的现状和美国推动"能源独立"的政策演变历程,分为三个阶段,提倡政府干预时期、恢复市场机制作用时期、兼顾市场机制和政府作用时期。提出了美国推动"能源独立"的主要经验,包括:积极制定和实施"能源独立"的相关法案、营造良好的投资环境来促进页岩油气产业快速发展、大力提高能源使用效率以减少对传统化石能源的依赖、优化油气产品贸易结构以提高国家能源安全水平。

The paper analyzed the status of USA ＂energy independent＂ and the policy evolution course of the ＂energy independent＂ promoted by USA. The evolution course was divided into three stages,including an advocated Government intervention period,recovered market mechanism effect period and considered market mechanism and Government effect period. The major experiences of the ＂energy independent＂ promoted by USA were provided,including the active making and implementation of the ＂energy independent＂ relevant acts,a well investment environment built to promote a rapid development of the shale gas and oil industry and high improvement of the energy utilization efficiency in order to reduce the dependence of the traditional fossil energy and the optimized oil and gas product trade structure to improve the national energy security level.