无纺布覆盖苗床对育苗温度及秧苗生长的影响

Effects of Seedbed Mulched Non-textile on the Temperature of Seedbed and Growth of Seedlings

为了了解无纺布在蔬菜育苗中的应用效果,以生菜为试验材料,进行了无纺布覆盖、塑料薄膜覆盖和无覆盖对照处理下苗床温度、温度均衡性和秧苗生长的研究。结果表明:夜间(16:30—7:30)无纺布覆盖处理苗床温度分别比塑料薄膜覆盖、无覆盖物处理高1.12℃和0.30℃;白天(7:30—15:40)无纺布覆盖苗床温度比塑料薄膜覆盖低2.29℃,比无覆盖高1.77℃,无纺布覆盖升温速度比塑料薄膜覆盖小,但比不覆盖大。塑料薄膜覆盖苗床温度高于30℃的时长约为3 h,无纺布覆盖苗床温度高于30℃的时长约为1 h,说明无纺布覆盖能给生菜种子发芽提供适宜的温度;白天无纺布覆盖苗床最高温度较塑料薄膜低,与无覆盖温度相差不大,夜间平均温度比塑料薄膜覆盖和无覆盖高,使用无纺布覆盖能减少种子发芽阻碍时间。另外,使用无纺布覆盖育苗可保证苗床内温度均衡性,促进秧苗出苗率和整齐度,使得秧苗提前出芽。综合考虑材料成本及使用频率,发现在蔬菜育苗中无纺布是塑料农膜的理想替代材料。

In order to understand the application effect of non-textile in vegetable seedling, lettuce was used as test material, and the temperature of seedbed, uniformity of temperature and seedling growth under different seedbeds mulched non-textile treatment, plastic film treatment and CK treatment with no mulching were studied. The results showed that the temperature of seedbed with mulching non-textile was higher 1.12 ℃ than mulching plastic film and higher 0.30 ℃ than no mulching at night （16：30-7：30）. The temperature of seedbed with mulching non-textile was lower 2.29 ℃ than mulching plastic film and higher 1.77 ℃ than no mulching in the daytime （7：30-15：40）. The speed of seedbed temperature increasing with mulching non-textile was smaller than that of plastic film and larger than that of no mulching. The lengths of mulching non-textile and mulching plastic film over 30 ℃ were respectively 1, 3 h. The above results illustrated that mulching non-textile could provide suitable temperature for germination of lettuce seed. During the daytime the highest temperature of seedbed mulched non-textile was higher than that of plastic film and had little difference with no mulching.The average temperature of seedbed mulched non-textile was higher than mulching plastic film and no mulching at night. The above indicated that mulching non-textile could reduce the hindering time of seed germination. The use of non-textile could ensure uniformity of temperature in the seedbed, promoted the evenness of seedling emergencing, and made the seedlings sprout early. Considering the material cost and the frequency of using, the non-textile was the ideal material to replace the plastic film.