广东省常见发酵茶中黄曲霉毒素B_1污染现状及暴露评估

Contamination levels and exposure assessment of aflatoxin B_1 in fermented tea from Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省市售包括黑茶、红茶、乌龙茶等发酵茶中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的污染含量水平,并评估其饮用健康风险。方法按照简单随机抽样方法确定样品量,在广东省4个片区选取9个地市的超市商店、批发市场、茶叶行等市售环节以及网店,分别采集黑茶、红茶、乌龙茶等发酵茶类样品共260份,按GB 5009.22—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定》第一法同位素稀释-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中的AFB1含量。运用暴露限值(MOE)法和数学模型法,结合2012年广东省居民营养与健康状况调查数据、AFB_1浸出率数据,评估人群从饮用茶叶摄入AFB1的膳食暴露量情况。结果 260份发酵茶类样品中AFB1的总体检出率为1.15%(3/260),检出值范围为0.26~0.56μg/kg。3份检出AFB_1的样品均为普洱茶熟茶样品。3种发酵茶类别间的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。代入发酵茶中AFB_1的含量平均值计算,广东省总人群、广东省茶叶消费人群经茶叶摄入AFB_1的平均膳食暴露量分别为0.000 352、0.000 981 ng/kg BW;代入AFB1含量最大值计算的膳食暴露量为0.005 73、0.016 0 ng/kg BW。MOE值均>10 000,按欧洲食品安全局推荐的MOE结果判定依据,表明广东省居民经茶叶摄入的AFB1对健康造成危害的风险低。以广东省人群乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为11.1%计算,广东省人群由于茶叶AFB1的膳食暴露引发肝癌的风险为0.000 010 9~0.000 674例/10万人,表明目前茶叶中的AFB_1对广东省居民产生的健康风险低。结论广东省市售发酵茶中AFB_1的检出率低、检出值低,对广东省总人群和茶叶消费人群的平均膳食暴露风险低,具有较高的饮用安全性。

Objective To investigate the contamination levels of aflatoxin B1（ AFB1） in fermented tea,including dark tea,black tea and oolong tea,and evaluate their health risk. Methods The sampling was determined by the simple random sampling method. A total of 260 tea samples（ dark tea, black tea and oolong tea） were collected from supermarkets,wholesale markets,tea shop and online store in 9 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province. AFB1 concentrations were examined according to GB 5009. 22-2016. By using the method of margin of exposure（ MOE） and mathematical modeling,the AFB1 dietary exposure in tea was assessed. Results The detection rate of AFB1 in 260 fermented tea samples was 1. 15%（ 3/260）,and the detected content range was from 0. 26 to 0. 56 μg/kg. The three AFB1 positive samples of were Pu＇er tea samples. There was no significant difference in the detection rate between three kinds of fermented tea（ Fisher exact probability method,P 0. 05）. The average dietary exposure of AFB1 from tea of the total survey population and the tea consumption population were 0. 000 352,and 0. 000 981 ng/kg BW,respectively. The dietary exposure was 0. 005 73,0. 016 0 ng/kg BW for the total survey population and the tea consumption population whenusing the maximum value of AFB1 in this study. On the basis of European Food Safety Authority（ EFSA） criterion,the MOE values were both greater than 10 000,indicating that the health risk associated with AFB1 in tea in Guangdong was relatively low. The evaluated liver cancer risk was 0. 000 010 9-0. 000 674 caners per one hundred thousand persons.Conclusion The detection rate and the content of AFB1 in fermented tea in Guangdong Province were both low. And the health risk associated with AFB1 in tea was relatively low,either.