敦煌佛爷庙湾唐代模印塑像砖墓(三)——模印塑像砖相关问题考论

A Study on the Tang Dynasty Brick Tombs with Impressed Statues or Motifs from the Foyemiaowan at Dunhuang(Ⅲ)——On the Issues about the Bricks with Impressed Statues or Motifs

由模印塑造出浮雕图像的古砖,学界一般称之为"画像砖";而上世纪中期不断发现的在砖面泼墨作画的小砖画,亦被称为"画像砖"。这种名称混淆了两者性质的不同和艺术特点的差异,从而为研究带来混乱和不便。后者名实相符,前者据其本身的性质看,应为"模印塑像砖"。文章还梳理了模印塑像砖在河西地区的使用轨迹、敦煌模印塑像砖墓的墓葬习俗和特点、敦煌地区的厚葬之风以及敦煌模印塑像砖的艺术特点和美学风格。

The bricks with impressed statues or motifs in bas-relief are usually called ＂painted bricks,＂ while small bricks with motifs painted in ink, which have been unearthed gradually since the middle of last century,were also called ＂painted bricks.＂ This confuses the different nature and artistic characteristics of the two kinds of bricks and causes confusion and incontinence for research. The author suggests that the former type, according to its nature, should be called ＂the bricks with impressed status or motifs.＂ This paper also discusses the use history of such bricks in Hexi region, the burial customs and characteristics with such bricks, the fashion of lavish funeral, and the artistic characteristics and aesthetic style of such bricks at Dunhuang. Rich in cultural connotation, these artistic building materials have important historical value and are unique physical materials useful forunderstanding the social culture at Dunhuang during the Tang dynasty.