托林寺迦萨配殿药师图像重构——兼议13—15世纪西藏阿里地区药师如来信仰与图像配置

Reconstruction of the Bhai ajyaguru Images Combination in the br Gya rtsa lha khang at Tholing Monastery——Plus a Discussion on Image Combination and the Belief of Bhai ajyaguru in Ngari in Tibet during the 13th to the 15th Centuries

意大利藏学家朱塞佩·图齐于1933和1935年考察托林寺迦萨殿时其内部塑像与壁画尚完好无损,他与随从摄影师尤金·盖尔西当年拍摄了大量有关迦萨殿的壁画,可惜这批宝贵的图片资料现仍封存于意大利国家东方艺术博物馆内至今还未公开于众,这对于研究已沉湎于历史记忆中的托林寺迦萨殿而言,要化解它内部诸佛殿中的图像配置这一谜团仍需要漫长的等待。文章从奥地利维也纳大学艺术史学者黛博拉·克林伯格·塞尔特教授早年论文《斯比蒂河谷中的唐卡绘画传统》中所引用盖尔西于迦萨殿拍摄的两张照片入手,结合西藏西部阿里地区13—14世纪前后的桑达石窟、帕尔噶尔布石窟以及羌衮巴石窟中的药师如来壁画,重新构建迦萨殿外围配殿原药师如来殿的图像构成与年代以及该题材在13—14世纪阿里地区的图像配置和信仰。

When Italian Tibetologist Giuseppe Tucci investigated the brgya rtsa lha khang at the TholingMonastery in 1933 and 1935, the statues and wall paintings inside were still intact. Giuseppe Tucci and his companion, photographer Eugenio Ghersi, had already photographed a lot of wall paintings at that time, though these precious visual materials have unfortunately been kept unpublicized in the National Oriental Art Museum of Italy. It will take a long time to recompose the original image combination in the halls of the Tholing Monastery, as these photos contain only memories of a monastery which has since been lost to history. Starting with two photos taken by Eugenio Ghersi and cited by Deborah E. Klimburg Salter in her paper ＂The Tangka Painting Tradition in the Spiti River Valley,＂ and combining with the wall paintings of Bhaisajyaguru in s Pangbka [＇gram] Bar dkarpo and Byang dgon pa, all of which date back to the 13 th and 14 th centuries in Ngari（west Tibet）, this paper attempts to study the image combination as it existed in the original Bhaisajyaguru hall,a side hall of the brgya rtsa lha khang, and discusses the belief surrounding this theme in 13 th century Ngari.