施氮量、打顶方式与留叶数对曲靖‘K326’烟叶产质量的影响

Influence of N Application Rate, Topping Mode and Leaves Remained on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘K326’ in Qujing

为明确曲靖烤烟‘K326’施氮量、打顶方式及其留叶数的最佳组合方式,以提高该地区烟叶产质量稳定性和可用性。2015年在曲靖师宗,采用L9(34)正交试验设计对施氮量、打顶方式及其留叶数进行研究,分析其对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状及烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:施氮量是农艺性状和经济性状的主效因素。施氮量增加,农艺性状各项指标均有所增加,120 kg/hm^2的施氮量显著高于其他2个处理。在产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比例方面,120 kg/hm^2施氮量水平表现最好。打顶方式是影响评吸质量的主效因素。扣心打顶的产量最高,中上等烟比例、均价及产值方面以初花打顶表现最好,评吸结果以初花打顶相对较好。留叶数的主效影响主要表现在感官质量和化学成分方面,即烟气的杂气、劲头、总糖、糖碱比等方面。适宜于曲靖当地生产实际的‘K326’施氮量、打顶方式及其留叶数的最佳组合方式是施纯氮120 kg/hm^2、初花打顶、21片留叶数,可作为曲靖‘K326’特色品种的关键栽培技术加以推广。

The study aims to determine the best combination of N application rate, topping mode and remainedleaves of flue-cured tobacco variety‘K326＇in Qujing, and promote stability of yield and quality and usabilityin this area. L9（34） orthogonal experimental design was employed to study N application rate, topping mode andremained leaves in Shizong County of Qujing in 2015, and we analyzed the effects of these factors on theagronomic characters, economic characters and chemical composition of tobacco. Results showed that, Napplication rate was the dominant factor affecting agronomic characters and economic characters. As Napplication rate increased, the indexes of agronomic characters increased, and N application rate of 120 kg/hm2 was significantly higher than the other two treatments. N application rate of 120 kg/hm2 had the bestperformance on yield, output value, average price and middle-high quality leaves ratio. Topping mode was the dominant factor affecting smoking quality. Topping at buttoning stage had the maximum yield. Topping at earlyblooming stage had the best performance on output value, average price, middle-high quality leaves ratio andsmoking result. Remained leaves was the dominant factor affecting sensory quality and chemical composition oftobacco, namely, offensive odor and strength of smoke, total sugar, ratios of sugar to alkaloid. N application rateof 120 kg/hm2, topping at early blooming stage and 21 leaves remained was the best combination of thisexperiment and suitable for practical production in Qujing.