GIS的矿区土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布

Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in mining area based on GIS

针对土壤中的重金属含量超标会对人体健康造成极大危害的问题,为检测矿区土壤重金属含量超标状况及空间分布特征,以江西省信丰县4个矿区为例,在28个点位的20~60cm处测定Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Ni的含量,采用地统计学和地理信息系统相结合的方法进行分析。结果表明,单因子污染指数显示Pb的污染程度最大,污染程度为中度污染;插值分析图显示Cu以西南方向的虎山矿区含量较高,Ni以西南方向的虎山矿区和北部的赤岗矿区含量较高,Pb的污染区域贯穿于整个分布区;重金属含量随深度的增加无明显变化。结合在污染修复方面的经验,建议通过植物修复技术、物理与化学方法进行污染治理和修复。

Aiming at the problem that excessive levels of heavy metals in the soil are harmful to human health.In order to detect the excessive status and the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal contents in mining area,this paper took four mining areas in Xinfeng county of Jiangxi province as an example,measured the content of heavy metals Hg,Cd,As,Cu,Pb,Ni from 20 to 60 cm in 28 soil samples,and analyzed them by using a combination methods of geostatistics and geographic information system.The single pollution index indicated that the soil had high pollution of Pb,the degree of pollution was moderate pollution;the spatial interpolation chart showed that the content of Cu was enriched in Hushan mining southwest,Ni was enriched in Hushan mining southwest and Chigang mining north.Pb contaminated areas was throughout the distribution area.Heavy metal content with depth have no significant change.Combining result in remediation of pollution,the pollution regulation and restoration are suggested by phytoremediation,physical and chemical methods.