孟子生命本位境界下的美学观探析

On the Concept of Aesthetics from a Mencius' Life-Based Perspective

孟子将美的道德理义引起的心理愉悦感与色味声等感官刺激引起的愉快感相提并论,认为这两种愉悦感的体验在本质上是相同的。孟子的美学观打破了传统美学仅限于感官声色愉悦的认识局限,使人格精神也可以作为审美对象,从而肯定了圣人、圣君、平民等不同阶层人士在美感认同上的普遍性和共同性特点,这为孟子建构平民、君主和自然资源之间的统一性与一致性奠定了坚实的理论基础。孟子的审美理念要求社会成员在"成己、成人、成国家",穷达自如的人生境界中,实现个人安身立命与国家社会稳定之间的一致性,具有强烈的生命感和生存意识。

While comparing the psychological pleasure caused by the moral reason of beauty with the sensory one caused by the sensual stimulation such as the color, taste and sound, Mencius believes that the two types of pleasurable experience are essentially the same. Mencius aesthetics breaks the limitation of traditional aesthetics that is only confined to the sense of sensual pleasures, regarding the spirit of personality as the object of aesthetics while affirming the universality and commonalities of beauty of sages, sage-kings, civilians and other people in the aesthetic sense. Hence it lays a solid theoretical foundation for Mencius to construct the unity and consis- tency between civilians, monarchs and natural resources. Mencius~ aesthetic philosophy requires the members of the society to achieve consistency between the self-reliance of individual life and the stability of state and society in the life realm of ＂being as one, being as an adult, and being as a country＂ that reaches the flexibility from the dilemma, which implies a strong sense of life and awareness of existence.