论量词“粒”的范畴化过程——从计量谷类到计量球类

Analysis of the Process of Categorization of the Measure Word Li——From Measuring Grain to Measuring Ball

量词"粒"对名词性成分的选择是个范畴化的过程。在对量词"粒"所选择的名词性成分进行语义分析的基础上,得出具备[+小][+球状][+可食]特征的谷物类名词是量词"粒"范畴的范畴中心;"粒"范畴从范畴中心向外扩展,先扩展到小型球状物体,再扩展到小型球状流体物、附着物、非可见物,最后扩展到与球类有关的时间物,形成一个连锁性链条,即量词"粒"的范畴化过程。隐喻、转喻和方言影响在其范畴化过程中起到了重要作用。量词"粒"的这一范畴化过程具有历时依据。

The choice of nominal structures by the measure word＂li＂（粒） has a process of categorization.Based on the semantic analysis of the nominal components selected by the measure word＂li＂, this essay draws out that the grain with the characteristics of [＋small][＋ spherical][＋edible] is the center of the category of＂li＂.The category of＂li＂extends from the center of the category, firstly extending to the small-spherical thing, and then to the small-spherical fluid, the appendiculate, the invisible, and finally to the event related to the ball,which forms a chain of chains, that is, the process of the categorization of the measure word＂li＂. Metaphor, metonymy and the influence of loan words play an important role in its categorization process. The categorization process of the measure world＂li＂has a diachronic basis.