现代逻辑与先验逻辑的“对立”与“统一”——基于“判断理论”的分析

Contrariety and Unity of Modern Logic and Transcendental Logic——Analysis Based on the Theory of Judgment

康德虽然对分析判断和综合判断做出了明确区分,但弗雷格认为分析与综合仅仅是一种主观性和准心理行为。弗雷格从批判康德的判断理论入手,通过谓词逻辑的构造,成功地清除了康德在判断理论中隐藏的逻辑与心理的混淆,为哲学从认识论走向逻辑语义学奠定了基础。然而,后者倡导的现代量词理论、逻辑的形式主义、判断先于概念以及把"函项/自变元"作为判断结构的现代逻辑思想,又深深地扎根于康德的先验逻辑中,这一点恰好弥合了两类不同逻辑类型的对立,达到了某种内在的一致和统一。

Although Kant made a clear distinction between analytical judgment and synthetic judgment,however Frege believed that this distinction is simply based on subjectivity and on a kind of psychology. Frege started with critics on Kant＇s theories of judgment, and by means of the construction of predicate logic, he eliminated successfully the confusion and the mixture of logic and psychology. On this account, he laid the foundation of transformation from epistemology to semantics. However, the theory of modern quantifier, formalism of logic, judgment priori to conception as well as the structure of judgment of Function/Argument, all of these modern thoughts of logic initiated by Frege, are actually lay the roots in Kant＇s transcendental logic. So,the contrariety between these two kinds of logic is bridged precisely by those characters, and to reach a certain internal consistence and unity.