基于时空容量的配建停车资源共享匹配方法

Parking Resource Sharing and Matching Methods for Appertaining Parking Facilities Based on Space-time Capacity

为了提升城市中心区多类型用地配建停车设施的泊位利用效率,基于车辆停放的空间和时长占用特性,明确基于时空消耗的多类型用地组合停车设施容量概念,建立停车时空资源消耗模型。结合停车共享理念,设计片区组合停车设施时空资源匹配的优化流程,建立面向"溢出停车需求、共享泊位供给、时空资源分配"的理论模型和计算流程。进而以组合用地各停车场泊位综合占有率最小为目标,运用用户均衡理论建立了停车供需时空匹配优化模型,并将所提方法应用于居住区、行政办公区、商场、酒店、医院这5种典型用地类型配建停车设施构成的算例进行研究。结果表明:各类停车设施服务居住区停车需求的共享泊位分配数量由停车场泊位需求的空间数量和停放时长共同决定,并非所有存在剩余泊位的停车场都适用于通过开放共享来提升片区停车设施的利用效率;行政办公区配建停车设施(匹配占有率39%)无论长时还是短时,均最适合匹配居住区溢出的夜间停车需求,其他依次为匹配效果接近的商场(匹配占有率16%)和酒店(匹配占有率15%),医院(匹配占有率0)与居住区溢出需求的匹配最差。提出的停车资源匹配方法能够精确计算不同停车需求时空特征所对应的泊位共享分配方案,可为精细化共享停车策略的制定提供量化支持。

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of multi-type appertaining parking facilities in downtown area,on the basis of the time-space occupancy characteristics of the parking demand,the concept of the parking capacity of muti-type appertaining parking facilities was proposed,whilst time-space resource consumption models were established.Based on the parking sharing concept,the optimization process of time-space resource matching of combined parking facilities was designed.The theoretical models and the calculation process of the overflow parking demand,shared parking supply and time-space resource allocation were established.Subsequently,through taking the minimum time-space occupancy rate of the combined parking areas as a goal,the user equilibrium theory was adopted to establish the optimization model to achieve the time-space matching of the supply and demand.The proposed methods were applied to the researches on five different types of appertaining parking facilities including residentialcommunities,administrative offices,shopping malls,hotels and hospitals.The results show that the allocation of all appertaining parking facilities,which satisfies the parking demand in residential communities,is determined by the space and parking duration of the parking demand.In other words,the efficiency of some parking lots with available spots tends not to be improved via sharing.Among all types of land use,the administrative office parking facilities（with the sharing occupancy of 39%）are best fit for matching the overflow night parking demand in the residential communities,followed by shopping malls（with the sharing occupancy of 16%）,hotels（with the sharing occupancy of 15%）and hospitals（with the sharing occupancy of 0）,respectively.The parking resource matching methods proposed in this paper can precisely calculate the parking sharing allocation scheme corresponding to the time-space characteristics of different parking demands,and provides the quantitative support for the refinement of shared parking strategies.