风险情景中的机会和威胁认知

OPPORTUNITY-THREAT PERCEPTION IN RISK SITUATION

随着近年来社会经济的高速发展 ,人们面临着越来越多的风险问题。该研究的目的在于深入分析个体成就动机、风险情景中的行为反应方式以及机会 -威胁认知三者之间的关系。研究采用问卷设计 ,由成就动机量表、抽彩游戏和机会 -威胁问卷三部分组成。被试来自北京和重庆地区的三所高校 (N =2 6 2 )。结果发现 :(1)成就动机中的“回避失败”变量对个体在风险情景中的反应方式以及机会 -威胁认知有显著性的影响 (p <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )机会 -威胁认知水平不同的个体在风险情景中的反应方式有着显著性的差异 (p <0 0 1) ,机会认知与行为变量的相关达到了显著性水平 (p <0 0 5 ) ;(3)四组被试分别表现出高机会 -低威胁等 4种认知组合 。

As economy is developing rapidly, people encountered more and more problems associated with risk situation. This research analyzed the relationships among three variables: the individual achievement motive, the behavioral reaction in risk situations, and the opportunity threat perception. The research used a questionnaire design, which was consisted of scales for measuring the achievement motive, behavioral reaction to a lottery game, and opportunity threat perception. The participants came from three universities in Beijing and Chongqing (N=262). The results showed that: a. The'evading failures' component in the achievement motive significantly influenced the individual reaction in risk situations and the opportunity threat perception ( p <0.05); b. Individuals at different levels of the opportunity threat perception behaved differently in risk situations ( p <0.01); The opportunity threat perception was significantly correlated with behavioral variables ( p <0.05); c. Four different patterns of perceptive combinations were found, e.g., high opportunity low threat and so on. So opportunity threat perception may be a two dimensional construct.