运动友谊、自主动机、性别角色对青少年锻炼坚持性的影响

Influence of Gender Role,Sport Friendship and Autonomous Motivation on Adolescent Exercise Adherence

探讨运动友谊、自主动机、性别角色对青少年锻炼坚持性的影响,检验有调节的中介效应模型适配性。采用青少年运动友谊质量量表、学业动机量表、性别角色量表和青少年锻炼坚持性量表,对6 744名12~22岁学生进行调查,年龄(17.395±5.174)岁,男3 074人,女3 670人。结果显示:青少年具备中等质量的运动友谊和中高度的自主动机,但其锻炼行为尚缺坚持性;青少年运动友谊、自主动机、周期和周频率的性别差异显著(男性高于女生),运动友谊、自主动机和周期的学段差异显著(高学段比低学段学生的运动友谊质量高、锻炼周期长,而自主动机水平则是大学>初中>高中);性别角色、运动友谊、自主动机是青少年锻炼坚持性的前因变量,三者对锻炼坚持性的直接影响显著,其中,性别角色和自主动机对锻炼持时的正向影响较大,运动友谊对周频率正向影响较大;回归分析表明,在运动友谊影响青少年锻炼坚持性时,自主动机的中介效应显著,而且,在自主动机与锻炼坚持性的影响链条上,性别角色具备调节效应。结论:改变传统性别角色观念,同时,通过丰富群体锻炼活动来提升友谊质量、激发自主动机,是提升青少年锻炼坚持性的一个有效途径。

This study explored the influence of the sport friendship（SF）,autonomous motivation（AM）,and gender role（GR）on exercise adherence of adoles-cent and then testing the suitability of the model of moderated mediating. Then used Youth Sport Friendship Quality Scale（SFQS）,Goudas＇ Motivation Autono-my Scale（MAS）,College Students＇ Sex-role Inventory（Revised Edition,CSRI-50）,and the Adolescent Exercise Adherence Scale（EAS-A）,this paper investi-gated 6 744 adolescents aged 12~22 years,aged=（17.395±5.174）,male=3 074,female=3 670. Results indicated that adolescent had a moderate quality of SFand a moderate or high level of AM;however,their exercise is still lack of adherence. Adolescents＇ SF,AM,exercise cycle and cycle frequency have the signifi-cant differences at the gender（those of male are higher than female）. Not only that,adolescents＇ SF,AM and the exercise cycle have the significant differences atthe stage of study,among them,the high study stage adolescents＇ SF quality and exercise cycle are higher than that low stage adolescents,while the level of AMis university junior high school senior high school. The GR,SF,AM were the antecedent variables of the exercise adherence,and they had the direct impactson the exercise adherence（P0.001）. Among them,the influence of the GR and AM on exercise duration were relatively large（rGR=0.526,rAM=0.414）,and theSF has a great influence on frequency of exercise（r=0.456）.Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the AM had the partial mediating effect that in SF af-fecting the exercise adherence,moreover,the GR had the moderating effect that in AM affecting the exercise adherence. Changing the traditional gender-roleconcept,meanwhile,through expanded the mass sports activities to improve the friendship quality and stimulate the autonomous motivation might be the effec-tive ways that promote the exercise behavior adherence for adolescent.