移栽措施对工布乌头群落物种多样性的影响

Effect of Transplanting on Community Species Dibersity of Aconitum kongboense

工布乌头(Aconitum kongboense)作为常用藏药植物,其种质资源的保护和人工繁育技术是保证其可持续利用的基础。藏药的野生抚育是维持藏药种群数量的有效方式,但人为增加单一种群数量有可能会对高原环境造成不利影响。为此本研究对藏药工布乌头的原生境和野生抚育生境进行调查,分析了藏药工布乌头移栽措施对原有生境植被群落的结构和多样性的影响。结果表明:对照草地植被群落的总密度和地上生物量在不同海拔梯度均高于移栽处理,其中在海拔3 950m时差异显著(P<0.05);从不同草地群落的种群多度分配来看,画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)在各海拔梯度上均占据了较大优势,常见种和偶见种的多度比例随海拔的增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势;移栽处理草地群落的Shannon-Wiener和Simpson多样性指数在海拔3 950m和4 260m是低于对照,但在其他海拔梯度上其多样性指数高于对照;移栽处理Margalef物种丰富度指数在海拔高度4 071m、4 260m均高于对照。总的来看,工布乌头移栽措施降低了草地群落物种数量和地上生物量,但仍能维持高原群落较高的物种多样性,对高原生态环境影响较小。

Aconitum kongboense as a typical Tibetan medicine,its germplasm resources protection and artificial breeding technology are based for using this resource sustainably.Wild medicinal materials tending of Tibetan medicines is effective technology for maintaining the specific population amounts,however,anthropogenic increase single species quantity may cause some negative influence on plateau ecological environment.In this sense,this paper investigated the original habitat and transplanted habitat,and contrastively analyzed the effect of transplant Aconitum kongboense on grassland community structure and diversity in the original habitat.The results showed that the total density and above-ground biomass of grassland vegetation community in CK were higher than that in the transplant treatment at each altitude,especially at the altitude of 3 950 m（P0.05）;from the aspect of abundance distribution of different grassland vegetation community,Eragrostis pilosa dominated in each communities and each altitude,the abundance distribution of common species and rare species increased with the elevation gradient,and then decreased after the peak;the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices of transplant treatment grassland community were lower than CK at the altitude of 3 950 mand 4 260 m,which were higher than the others;the Margalef richness index of transplant treatment grassland community was higher than that in CK at the altitude ranged from 4 071 mto 4 260 m.Overall,the trend indicated that the density and above-ground biomass of Aconitum kongboense transplant treatment were lower than that of the CK,but maintained high diversity.So,the transplant treatment had slightly impacts on plateau environment.