武汉市城区居民烟草危害认知及室内公共场所禁烟态度

Cognition of tobacco hazard and attitude towards indoor smoking ban in public places among urban residents in Wuhan City

目的了解武汉市城区居民对烟草危害的认知状况,探讨影响公共场所控烟的主要因素,为开展控烟工作和控烟立法提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取武汉市城区2 163名≥15岁成人并进行面对面调查,调查采用中国城市成人烟草调查问卷。使用武汉市2010年全国人口第6次普查资料对调查结果进行加权分析。结果居民对吸烟导致肺癌、心肌梗塞、中风、阴茎勃起障碍4种疾病的知晓率分别为93.8%,59%,53.9%和24.6%,二手烟暴露导致成人心脏病、成人肺部疾病和儿童肺部疾病的知晓率分别为62.1%、76.8%和86.2%,教育程度高者知晓率高;90%以上的被调查对象都支持在医院、中小学校、大学、出租车内完全禁烟,支持率分别为98.3%、95.8%、92.9%和90.3%;非吸烟者对公共场所禁烟的支持率均高于吸烟者。结论居民对烟草危害认知率和控烟支持率较高,但对烟草危害认知仍不够全面和对公共场所禁烟规定知晓率较低,相关部门需进一步采取有针对性的宣传教育措施。

[Objective]To investigate the cognition of tobacco hazard among urban residents in Wuhan City, explore the main factors affecting the indoor smoking ban in public places, and provide scientific evidence for tobacco control work and legislation.[Methods] Stratified multi-stage sampling method was used to select 2 163 residents over 15 years old as the subjects from the urban area of Wuhan City, who were investigated with adult tobacco questionnaire face-to-face. A weighted analysis on the investigation results was performed according to the data from China＇s Sixth National Population Census. [Results] The awareness rate of lung cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke and erectile dsyfunction induced by smoking was 93.8%, 59%, 53.9% and24.6%, respectively. The awareness rate of adult heart disease, adult lung disease and children lung disease induced by secondhand smoke exposure was respectively 62.1%, 76.8% and 86.2%, and the participants with higher educational background had the higher awareness rate. More than 90% of the respondents supported the implementation of smoking-free policy in public places such as hospitals（98.3%）, schools（95.8%）, universities（92.9%） and taxi（90.3%）. Non-smoker showed higher support rate than smokers. [Conclusion] The awareness rare of tobacco hazard and the support rate of smoking control are high among residents, but the residents＇ cognition of tobacco hazard is still not comprehensive and they have a low awareness rate for the implementation of smoking-free policy. The relevant government agencies should take further targeted publicity and education measures.