历史唯物主义与反思性历史社会学——关于马克思主义理论学科属性的思考

Historical Materialism and Reflective Historical Sociology:A Discussion about Disciplinary Nature of Marxist Theories

马克思的历史唯物主义是哲学、经济学、社会学和历史学相互交织所形成的跨学科性理论,这种相互交织的跨学科性,是围绕着人类社会历史的总体性分析而形成的,其核心理论归属是社会历史理论。近年来兴起的历史社会学,是传统史学和主流社会学面临危机后,各自向对方吸收借鉴进而实现二者融合的结果,历史唯物主义是其重要的思想渊源,马克思也因此被认为是历史社会学的创始人之一。历史唯物主义包含了历史社会学的理论维度,但它在把社会学和历史学有机融合的同时,把哲学的反思与批判性巧妙地融合进来,是具有反思性的历史社会学,"反思性历史社会学"是对它更为妥帖的界定,这是思考其学科归属和理论特质时不能忽视的内容。

Covering philosophy,economics,sociology and history,Marx’s historical materialism is an interdisciplinary theory,whose nature lies in the overall analysis of the history of human society.Marx’s historical materialism is the theory of society and history at the core.The rising of historical sociology in recent years is the result of the fusion of history and sociology,for both the traditional history and the mainstream sociology were confronted with the crisis,and they absorbed and learned from each other.It is generally accepted that historical materialism is an important ideological origin of historical sociology,and Marx is one of the founders of historical sociology.Historical sociology is indeed one of the fundamental dimensions of the historical materialism,which integrates with itself the reflection and criticism of philosophy while integrating sociology with history.Therefore,historical materialism is indeed historical sociology with a reflective nature.Thus,it may well be more properly named as"Reflective Historical Sociology".This is what we cannot ignore today when thinking about its disciplinary attribution and theoretical traits.