精神分析视域中的新人类学哲学——关于拉康性别观哲学意义的思考

New Anthropological Philosophy in the Perspective of Psychoanalysis:A Study of Lacan's“Sexual Formula”and“New Anthropology”

精神分析对现代哲学的重大影响体现在其发现了"另类的人",进而在新人类学的视野下重新诠释并改造了传统哲学观念。拉康的精神分析已经完全摆脱了生物学和社会实证意义上对人的划分,从人的性结构视野来重新界定"男女"两性及其关系,并将此关系应用于哲学分析。精神分析对男女两性的思考是一种"原初"和"基础性"的探讨,触及哲学本体论的层次,因此必须在哲学本体论的层次上来理解拉康所说的"女性并不存在"这一命题。虽然拉康的性化公式及其对人性的探讨,与马克思所说的没有抽象的"人性"观并不冲突;但必须看到的是,他是从隐秘的"性心理结构"出发对男女性别问题进行革命,本质上仍是一种"唯心主义"哲学。

The significance of psychoanalysis to modern philosophy lies in its discovery of"man of another kind",which provides a new perspective of anthropology for reinterpreting and reformulating the traditional philosophical ideas.Going well beyond the biological and social positivist division of human beings,Lacan,in his psychoanalysis,redefines what we usually know as"men and women"and their relationships,in the perspective of human sexual structure,and applies the sexual relationships to the modern philosophical analyses.Original and fundamental and thus ontological as psychoanalytical study is of the sexual relationship between men and women,we cannot but understand Lacan’s proposition--women do not exist--from the ontological viewpoint of modern philosophy.Although Lacan’s sexual formula and his reflection on human nature do not go against Marx’idea that there is no abstract concept of human nature,it must be noted that Lacan’s sexual formula is made on a hidden basis of sexual division and thinking.Though revolutionary,his philosophy is still idealist in nature.