再谈“嘉隆皇帝插旗”说的真实性——基于法国档案的研究

On the Authenticity and Validity of the“Flag-planting”Argument:A Discussion Based on the Study of French Diplomatic Archives

法国从20世纪30年代开始主张对西沙群岛的主权,所持主要依据即所谓"嘉隆皇帝插旗"说。其论点及资料,亦被后来越南政府沿用。本文通过对该时期法国外交档案的研究,指出"嘉隆皇帝插旗"说是在法国外交部、殖民地部和印支殖民政府的指导与参与下,为实现特定的外交及地缘政治目的而出台的。直接参与相关资料搜集与研究的法国本方官员申仲化及乐福一开始就对该说的真实性提出了质疑,其观点及论述具有很强启发性和重要价值。此后研究进一步证明塔伯特所提到的"帕拉塞尔"并非西沙群岛。故依据"嘉隆皇帝插旗"说无法主张对西沙群岛的任何权利。

From the beginning of 1930s,France put forward an argument that King Jia Long once planted a flag on the Paracels in 1816,which was used,in turn,to legitimize its territorial claim.This argument was also used by the Government of Viet Nam.Since then,the Chinese government and academic community have pointed out the main problems of the"flag-planting"argument.Through the study of the French diplomatic archives with this time period,this paper analyzes the"flag-planting"argument from the point of view of the French Government and points out that French Indo-China government,Ministry of foreign affairs,Ministry of the Colonies and Ministry of Marine all made their political influence felt in the fabrication of this argument,aiming to make specific diplomatic and geopolitical gains.The French officials,who were directly involved in the collection of the information concerned,just questioned strongly the veracity of the fact,and their analyses were very enlightening and instructive.