刘师培的碑传观与扬州学派

Liu Shipei's View on Inscriptions and Yangzhou School

魏晋南北朝文论中,碑铭、史传二体骈散之分甚明,而清代阮元、阮福崇唱"文笔说"时,却将碑铭、史传混为一体。刘师培在继承乡学时,逐渐意识到"文笔说"的漏洞,从1905年《文章原始》延续阮氏旧说;到1913年《文笔词笔诗笔考》悄然修正;再到1917年于北大反复申说碑铭与史传之不同,逐渐发展出了"传实碑虚"的文体观。刘师培之所以能够厘清史传、碑铭的源流与体性,是扬州学派文史观融会贯通、推陈出新的结果,也是扬州学派文史观向前演进之必然一环。

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties,obvious difference was made between inscriptions and historical biography.However,in the Qing Dynasty,Ruan Yuan and Ruan Fu praised highly the theory,but got inscription mixed up with historical biography.When Liu Shipei came to the theory,he became realizedwas flawed.Although he applied this theory in hisZhang YuanOrigin of Articles")in 1905,he quietly revised it in hisBi Ci Bi Shi BiStudy of the Writing Style)in 1913.In his 1917 lecture at Peking University,he repeatedly stressed that there was obvious difference between the inscription and historical biography,and then brought forth his own theory:"inscriptions valuable in form and historical biography valuable in content."Why was Liu Shipei able to have thorough understanding of the style origin of inscription and historical biography?This is because the literary and historical view of the Yangzhou School just got developed along a continuous line,and brought forth new theories through the old ones--an inevitable step in the development of the literary and historical view of the Yangzhou school.